汉语关系结构生成句法研究  

A generative analysis of Chinese relative constructions

作　　者：陈宗利[1] 

机构地区：[1]烟台市鲁东大学外语学院,264025

出　　处：《现代外语》2007年第4期331-340,共10页Modern Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"英汉语关系结构的生成句法分析"(项目号07CYY026)资助。

摘　　要：本文从生成句法角度探讨汉语关系结构的内部结构及其句法推导。本文认为,汉语关系结构的两种基本形式为[DPRC[D′D XP]](其中XP=NumP或NP)和[GenPRC[Gen′Gen NP]],状态谓词从句位于SpecDP位置,而个体谓词从句则位于SpecGenP位置;关系从句与功能性中心词D或Gen之间存在一定的特征核查关系,该核查关系在不同语言中实现层次不同:汉语通过从句显性移位来实现,中心语居前的语言则仅仅通过特征匹配来实现。因此,汉语关系结构的句法推导仅比中心语居前的语言多出一步:从句移位。在此基础上,本文提出了一种分析自然语言关系结构的方法,并用于讨论从句移位之前汉语关系结构的推导过程。The present study is mainly concerned with the internal structure and syntactic derivation of Chinese relative constructions (Rel-Cons). It is argued that structurally the two basic forms of Chinese Rel-Cons are [DP RC [D' D XP]] (XP = NumP or NP) and [GenP RC [Gen' Gen NP]], with individual-level RCs occupying the Spec DP position and stage-level RCs in Spec GenP. Between the RC and the functional head D or Gen, there is a feature checking relation, aiming to check some uninterruptible tense and aspect feature of the functional head. This relation is realized by different means in different languages. In Chinese Rel-Cons, it is realized via the overt movement of the RC to the specifier position of the functional head, while in head-initial Rel-Cons, it is realized simply by feature matching. Thus, the syntactic derivation of the Chinese Rel-Cons is only one step further than that of head-initial Rel-Cons. Based on this argument, the author proposes an analysis for the derivation of natural language Rel-Cons, and uses it to account for the derivation of Chinese Rel-Cons prior to the movement of the RC.

关 键 词：关系结构 关系从句 内部结构 语义解释 句法推导 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]