天津滨海盐碱土地区城市绿地土壤微生物特性研究  

Microbial Properties in Urban Soils in Coastal Alkali-saline Area of Tianjin

作　　者：黄明勇[1] 杨剑芳[2] 王怀锋[3] 张小平[4] 

机构地区：[1]泰达生态园林发展有限公司,天津300457 [2]天津工业微生物重点实验室天津科技大学生物工程学院,天津300222 [3]天津大学药学科学与技术学院,天津300072 [4]四川农业大学资环学院应用微生物系,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《土壤通报》2007年第6期1131-1135,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家重点科技项目(攻关)计划(96-920-21-07)<脆弱生态地区可持续发展研究>

摘　　要：对天津滨海盐碱土地区城市绿地土壤微生物特性研究表明不同绿地植物配置模式下0～40cm土壤微生物数量差异极显著,防护林>灌+草>乔木>乔+草>草坪>滨海盐土,0～20cm土层微生物数量是20cm～40cm的3～4倍。在细菌、放线菌和真菌三大类群中,细菌占绝对优势,其次是放线菌和真菌。滨海盐土微生物的季节变化不大,防护林土壤中微生物总数最多时出现在秋季,乔木、乔+草、灌+草、草坪绿地土壤中微生物数量最多时出现在夏季或秋季。细菌、放线菌数量与土壤全盐含量呈显著负相关,细菌的数量与土壤有机质含量呈极显著相关,真菌数量与土壤养分相关不显著.芽孢杆菌的11个种在不同土壤条件和植物配置模式下的生态分布是不同的,最常见的是蜡质芽孢杆菌、拟霉芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌和蜂房芽孢杆菌,放线菌主要是链霉属,包括链霉菌属的10大类群,分布最广的类群是灰褐类群、金色类群和青色类群,真菌分布有11个属。在不同植物配置下芽孢杆菌、放线菌和真菌的组成、优势种的组合也存在显著差异。The results from the experiment showed that the microorganisms under 40cm soil layer were significantly different from each other under the condition of different plant designs.The microorganisms of 20cm-40cm layer were 3-4 times more than those of 0-20cm layer.Among bacteria,actinomyces and fungi,bacteria were absolutely dominated communities.The microorganisms in coastal alkali-saline soil changed a little at different seasons.There were the most microorganisms in shelter forest soil in Autumn,but those of the other plant design were in Summer or Autumn.The number of bacteria had a sharply positive correlation with the content of soil organic matter.But the fungi had no correlation with soil mineral nutrition.11 species of Bacillus had different ecological distribution and composition under different conditions of soil and plant design and the most familiar were B.cereus,B.mycoides,B.licheniformis and B.alvei.streptomyces were main actinomyces,including 10 communities of streptomyces,Griseofuscus.Aureus and Glaucus were distributed widely in each soil sample.The eleven families of fungi could be isolated.The ecological distribution,composition and the dominating species of bacillus,actinomyces and fungi made remarkable differece under different plant designs.

关 键 词：天津滨海地区 城市绿地 植物配置 微生物特性 优势种群 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]