青藏高原东部嵩草属植物叶解剖结构的生态适应研究  

Ecological adaption study on anatomical structure of Kobresia leaf from East Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：赵庆芳[1] 崔艳[1] 马世荣[1] 李巧峡[1] 王刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学生命科学学院,兰州730070 [2]兰州大学生命科学学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《广西植物》2007年第6期821-825,835,共6页Guihaia

基　　金：兰州大学干旱与草地生态教育部重点实验室基金~~

摘　　要：利用扫描电镜技术和石蜡切片法对青藏高原东部嵩草属13种植物叶结构进行了研究,对其生态适应特性进行了探讨。结果表明,诸物种在解剖结构方面明显具有耐低温、抗干旱、御强风等适应性特征,其主要特征如植物表皮细胞壁增厚,具有一定程度的角质化,具有厚的角质层,外有蜡质;都具有发达的机械组织;气腔发育良好,多数大而明显;栅栏组织常为多层,有利于物质在水平方向的运输。各物种还有其生态适应上的独特性状,如近轴面有乳突;减小叶片面积;具有下皮层;叶肉薄壁细胞发达等。总之,13种嵩草均具有适应青藏高原独特生态环境的结构特征。The leaf structure of 13 species in Kobresia were comparatively studied with the help of scanning electron microscope and paraffin section method in order to illustrate the characters of adapting to the environment. （1）Their leaves, the epidermis cell wall and cuticle are thick. Their palisade tissues are developed, which can settle the transportation of nutrient substance in horizon. The developed mechanical tissues can support them when lack of water and evading the damage from strong wind. Air cavity is well- developed, big and distinct. They have typical structure to adapt to the arid environment. （2）Some species have their own characteristics besids these. There are 7 species that have papillaes in adaxial side, which can prevent them from strong ultraviolet radiation. The species of K. pygmae and K. vidua have decrescent leaf area. There are hypodermis for 5 species, which can reserve water and can keep the plants active. In short, 13 species have particular structure to adapt to the frigid and arid environment.

关 键 词：嵩草属 叶 解剖结构 生态适应 青藏高原 

分 类 号：Q944.5[生物学—植物学]