外层空间军事利用的伦理困境  

The Ethical Dilemmas in the Military Utilization of Outer Space

作　　者：黄嘉[1] 

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学人文与社会科学学院研究生队,长沙410073

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2007年第12期62-65,共4页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

摘　　要：外层空间的军事利用和外空军事化对许多传统的法律和伦理原则构成了重大挑战,引发了一系列的伦理困境,突出表现为以下三对矛盾:(1)和平目的和军事利益的矛盾:各主要外层空间条约均规定了探索利用外空的"和平目的"原则,但外层空间具有重要的战略意义,现代空间技术的发展历程就是外层空间军事化的过程,这就使"和平目的"与军事利益发生了冲突。(2)区分性原则与空间设施军民两用性的矛盾:战争伦理中关于作战正义的基本要求之一就是区分性原则,在空间军事对抗中,外空设施的军民两用性对此提出了挑战。(3)宇航员作为"人类使节"与外空战斗员双重身份的矛盾:宇航员代表全人类从事宇宙探索事业,享有"人类使节"的荣誉与地位,但在未来的外空作战中,宇航员就将面临着作为"人类使节"与外空战斗员双重身份的矛盾。伦理困境的解决有赖于抛弃狭隘的"国家"、"民族"观念,树立一种新的全球伦理观。The military utilization and militarization of outer space have gravely challenged those long established legal and ethical principles and have caused a series of ethical dilemmas which are manifested in the following three contradictions：（1） The contradiction between ＂peaceful purpose＂ and military advantage： most outer space treaties provide the principle of ＂peaceful purpose＂ during the exploration and use of outer space. However, the outer space has strategic significances and the evolution of modern space technology is the militarizat＇on of outer space. That being the truth, the principle of ＂peaceful purpose＂ collides with military advantage. （2） The contradiction between the prindple of discrimination and the dual-use nature of space assets., according to the ethics of war, one of the fundamental requirements of just war is the principle of discrimination while under the context of military conflicts in the outer space, this principle is challenged because of the dual-use nature of most space assets. （3）The contradiction between astronauts as ＂envoys of mankind＂ and astronauts as ＂combatants in outer space＂： astronauts engage in the exploration of universe in the interests of all mankind and enjoy the reputation and status of ＂envoys of mankind＂. However, in the forthcoming space operations, astronauts will encou.nter the dilemma between their two status., both as ＂envoys of mankind＂ and as combatants in outer space. The way to get out of these ethica! dilemmas depends on the forsaking of those illiberal national concepts and the establishing of brand new ethical norms on a global basis.

关 键 词：外层空间 军事利用 伦理困境 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]