辽西地区油松造林的生态学思考  

An ecological perspective of afforesting Chinese pine(Pinus tabulaeformis) plantations in western Liaoning Province

作　　者：姜凤岐[1] 于占源[1] 曾德慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2007年第12期2069-2074,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD03A0502)

摘　　要：针对辽西地区油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)人工林衰退问题,应用生态学的基本原理,依据近20多年来有关油松造林的科研成果和基本资料,分析了该地区地带性植被特点、演替模式、生态系统退化的状态和程度;预测了到2025年该地区气候变化的趋势;讨论了油松适应性问题。结果表明:辽西地区地带性植被具有边缘性、交错性和变异性特点,处于顶极态的森林群落类型呈多元化,油松林并非是唯一的顶极群落类型;全区植被长期处在逆向演替之中,大部分地区已退化到灌丛、草地甚至次生裸地;半干旱气候和瘠薄的土层(约30cm)已不适宜油松生长。因此,把油松纯林作为普遍的恢复模式应用于退化严重的立地,是导致油松林衰退的根本原因。未来气候暖干化会使该地区在2025年左右总体成为半干旱气候区,这将更加不利于油松的自然分布和生长。In allusion to the decline of Chinese pine （ Pinus tabulaeformis） plantations in western Liaoning Province, and applying the basic principles of ecology, this paper analyzed the characters and succession patterns of zonal vegetations as well as the current situation and degree of eco-systems degradation in western Liaoning, predicted the trend of climate change in this area up to 2025, and discussed the adaptability of P. tabulaeformis based on the research products about P. tabulaeformis afforestation over the past 20 years. It was indicated that in this area, the zonal vegetations were with the characters of margin, ecotone and variability, P. tabulaeformis plantations were not the only communitiy of climax forest, long-term converse succession resulted in the degradation from forest to scrub, grassland, and even bare land in the majority of this area, and P. tabulaeformis was less adaptable to the semi-arid climate and barren soil. Therefore, adopting the afforestation of P. tabulaeformis on seriously degraded sites as the common restoration pattern was the primary cause of the decline of P. tabulaeformi in this area. Our prediction showed that as a whole, western Liaoning would be changed into semi-arid area in the year around 2025, which would further disadvantage the natural distribution and growth of P. tabulaeformi.

关 键 词：油松人工林 地带性顶极 逆向演替 气候变化 适应性 

分 类 号：S791.254[农业科学—林木遗传育种]