华南型超级稻育种及其技术研究进展  

Advances on the Breeding Program and Technology Research in South China Type Super-rice

作　　者：谢华安[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院,福州350003

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2007年第5期714-718,共5页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

摘　　要：自从农业部实施超级稻育种研究项目以来,经过10年的努力,中国超级稻育种获得全面成功。在国内基本形成了北方粳稻、南方籼稻、长江流域杂交水稻三个研究格局,其中以福建省农业科学院和广东省农业科学院为代表的华南型超级稻品种选育上取得了令人瞩目的进展。在经农业部确认的28个超级稻品种(组合)中,华南有5个,即Ⅱ优明86、特优航1号、Ⅱ优航1号、天优998和胜泰1号,这些品种(组合)已在生产上大面积应用推广。华南型超级稻品种选育技术为三系超级杂交水稻和常规稻选育技术。三系超级杂交水稻主要通过"强恢×强恢"选育恢复系,加强抗性筛选,通过航天育种选育超级杂交水稻;常规稻选育技术则通过"半矮秆、早长、根深"、大穗型和多穗广适应型超级稻品种选育取得成功。今后华南型超级稻研究提出"丰产、抗病、优质、广适"的综合提高,引进新抗源,加强抗性,提高水稻生物学产量,加强超高产配套栽培技术的研究和推广,加强根系研究,提倡常规技术与生物技术的结合策略。Great achievement has been made in super-rice breeding in China since Agriculture Ministry implemented the super-rice breeding program in the past ten years. Three research situations including japonica in north, indica in south and hybrid rice in Yangtze River basin were formed. Greater progress has been made on super-rice variety breeding of south China type in Fujian and Guangdong Academy of Agriculture Sciences, 28 super-rice varieties which were identified by Agriculture Ministry included five south China types extended broadly in production,which are, Ⅱ you Ming 86,Teyou Hang 1, Ⅱ you Hang 1,Tianyou 998 and Shengtai 1. The breeding technique of south China type super-rice was for breeding three-line super hybrid rice and conventional rice. For the three-line super hybrid rice, restoring lines were bred through strong restoring line /strong restoring line to strengthen resistance selecting, and super hybrid rice was bred through aerospace breeding. Conventional super-rice varieties was bred through selecting semi-dwarf, big spike-type and multi-spike with broadly-adaptability type. The research strategy of south China type super rice was improving comprehensively high yield, disease resistance, good quality and wide adaptability,introducing new resistant resource, strengthening resistance and improving biologic yield of rice. At the same time, strengthening the research and extension of super high yield with cultivating technique and study on root, and advocating the strategy of connecting conventional technique with biotechnology should be paid more attention.

关 键 词：超级稻 株型育种 Ⅱ优明86 特优航1号 Ⅱ优航1号 天优998 胜泰1号 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学] S603[农业科学—农业基础科学]