大草蛉成虫复眼的外部形态及其显微结构  

External morphology and microstructure of the compound eye of Chrysopa pallens Ramber (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae)

作　　者：张海强[1,2] 朱楠[1,2] 范凡[1,2] 魏国树[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学植保学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北省农作物病虫害生防工程中心,河北保定071001

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2007年第5期454-460,共7页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：河北省教委博士基金;河北省自然科学基金项目(C2004000341)

摘　　要：用扫描电镜和光学显微镜观察了大草蛉Chrysopa pallens Ramber成虫复眼的外部形态及明、暗适应和性别对其显微结构的影响。结果发现：（1）其复眼呈半球形,位于头部两侧,略成＂八＂字形排列,单个复眼约由3600个小眼组成,最前和最后小眼之间的夹角约为180°,最上和最下小眼之间的夹角约200°;（2）小眼主要由角膜、晶锥和6~8个小网膜细胞、基膜组成,外围环绕有2个初级虹膜色素细胞和6个次级虹膜色素细胞,基膜处有色素颗粒分布;（3）暗适应时,晶锥开裂程度较大,远端5~7个网膜细胞核向远端移动,与晶锥近端相接或接近,次级虹膜色素颗粒亦向远端移动包围晶锥;明适应时,晶锥开裂程度小或闭合,远端网膜细胞核向近端移动,透明带显现,大部分次级虹膜色素颗粒亦向近端移动分布在小网膜细胞柱周围,包被透明带;（4）在相同的明、暗适应下,雌、雄成虫复眼的显微结构无明显差异。结果表明大草蛉复眼为透明带明显的重叠象眼,其小眼不但具有次级虹膜色素颗粒纵向移动的常规调光机制,还存在晶锥开闭、远端网膜细胞核移动和基膜色素颗粒纵向扩散的调光新机制。The external morphology of the compound eye of Chrysopa pallens Ramber and its microstructure under light and dark adaptation were observed by using scanning electron microscope and optics microscope. The results indicated that the compound eye with a shape of half sphere, located on the lateral upsides of its head, was composed of 3 600 ommatidia in both sexes. The angle between the foremost and the hindmost ommatidia along the axis was 180°, and the angle between the uppermost and the lowermost one was about 200°. Each ommatidium contained corneal lens, crystalline cone, 6 to 8 retinula cells and basement membrane where the pigment granules could be observed, which were encompassed by two primary iris pigment cells and six secondary iris pigment cells in periphery. In dark adaptation, the crystalline cone opened obviously, the distal retinula cell nucleus moved close to the crystalline cone, and the pigment granules of secondary iris pigment cells surrounded the crystalline cone. In light adaptation, the crystalline cone closed or opened slightly, both the distal retinula cell nucleus and most of pigment granules of secondary iris pigment cells moved to the proximal end and surrounded retinula cell column. No differences in the microstructure of compound eye were observed between male and female under the same light- or dark-adaptation, respectively. It was so concluded that the organization of the compound eye of C. pallens belonged to the type of superposition eye with a clear zone, which was characterized by the crystalline cone closing or opening, the longitudinal movement of distal retinula cell nucleus and pigment granules on basement membrane as well as the longitudinal movement of secondary iris pigment granules.

关 键 词：大草蛉 复眼 小眼 外部形态 显微结构 

分 类 号：Q964[生物学—昆虫学]