三江平原典型沼泽湿地蒸散量研究  

Studies on Evapotranspiration over Mire in the Sanjiang Plain

作　　者：贾志军[1] 宋长春 王跃思[2] 黄耀[2] 石立庆[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春130021 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2007年第4期496-502,共7页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目40431001;中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目KZCX1-SW-01;KZCX3-SW-332

摘　　要：利用涡度相关技术对三江平原典型沼泽湿地蒸散量及其影响因子进行研究,结果表明沼泽湿地蒸散量时间变化特征明显。日出后蒸散量逐渐增加,12:00～13:00(北京时间)达到最大值,6～10月各月平均值分别为285.5、257.4、243.0、167.1和65.9W.m-2,各月总蒸散量分别为120.9、101.6、93.1、59.3和25.9mm。与同期降雨量相比,6～9月沼泽湿地水量发生亏缺,亏缺量分别为72.7、3.2、58.8和44.4mm。沼泽湿地蒸散量受环境因子影响强烈。蒸散量与净辐射呈显著线性正相关。蒸散量也随饱和水汽压差的增加而增加,但植物发育成熟后,当饱和水汽压差大于某一阈值(11hPa)时,饱和水汽压差的增加反而抑制了水分蒸散。另外,白天风速增加在一定程度上能够促进水分蒸散。Evapotranspiration and its influential factors were studied by eddy covariance technique over mire in the San- jiang Plain in 2004. The results show that temporal variation of evapotranspiration is very clear. The evapotransplration gradually increased after the sunrise and reached the maximum at noon from June to October, which were 285. 5, 257. 4, 243.0, 167. 1, and 65.9 W ·m^-2 , respectively. The total evapotranspiration of every month from June to October were 120. 9, 101.6, 93.1, 59.3, and 25.9 mm, respectively. Compared with the corresponding precipitation, the deficits of water for mire ecosystem occurred from June to September, which were about 72. 7, 3.2, 58. 8, and 44. 4 mm, respectively. The results also suggest that evapotranspiration is significantly influenced by environmental factors. Evapotranspiration in the daytime, for example, is strongly linearly dependent on net radiation and increased with the increasing vapour pressure deficit. Howcvcr, after mirc plant matured, thc evapotranspiration was depressed by the increasing vapour pressure deficit when it surpassed certain value （11 hPa）. In addition, wind speed could promote the evapotranspiratlon at some degree in the daytime.

关 键 词：沼泽湿地 蒸散量 净辐射 饱和水汽压差 风速 

分 类 号：P426.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]