中央空调冷却水和冷冻水系统军团菌的污染  

Comparison of Legionella Contamination of Cooling Water System and Freezing Water System in Central Air Conditioning System

作　　者：陈健[1] 刘洋[1] 夏清云[1] 刘燕[2] 石志峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省马鞍山市卫生局卫生监督局,安徽马鞍山243000 [2]安徽省马鞍山市疾病预防控制中心,安徽马鞍山243000

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2007年第5期330-333,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

摘　　要：目的探讨中央空调系统中冷却水系统与冷冻水系统军团菌的污染情况。方法于2005年6—9月,对马鞍山市所有商场、宾馆、办公楼、医院的中央空调系统的冷却水系统(冷却塔和冷凝器)和冷冻水系统(蒸发器和膨胀水箱)水样进行采集,并检测军团菌的含量及其血清型。结果共采集26个单位的中央空调系统的冷却水、冷冻水系统各环节水样100件,64件检出军团菌,检出率为64.0%,仅2个单位空调系统的所有水样均未检出军团菌,合格率为7.7%。两系统中分离到71株嗜肺军团菌菌种,Lp1型46株,Lp10型25株。冷却水系统水样的军团菌检出率为75%(39/52),高于冷冻水系统[52.1%(25/48)],差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.6894,P=0.017)。商场、宾馆、办公楼、医院的中央空调冷却水、冷冻水系统水样中军团菌检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。冷凝器水(冷却水)、冷却塔水、膨胀水箱水、蒸发器水(冷冻水)中军团菌检出率分别高达93.8%(15/16),66.7%(24/36),60.7%(17/28),40.0%(8/20),各环节水样中军团菌检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.3886,P=0.010)。冷却水系统水样中,检出Lp1型、Lp10型分别占64.4%(29/45),35.6%(16/45);冷冻水系统水样中,检出Lp1型、Lp10型分别占65.4%(17/26),34.6%(9/26)。两系统中,Lp1型和Lp10型分布构成比比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.0064,P=0.936)。冷却水、冷冻水系统不同军团菌含量水样的分布比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.042)。不同使用年限的冷却水系统水样中军团菌检出率间比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.035);且使用年限>10a的冷却水系统水样中均检出军团菌。不同使用年限的冷冻水系统水样中军团菌检出率间比较,差异无统计学意义(P=0.106);且使用年限在5～10a的冷冻水系统水样中军团菌检出率最高,达75.0%。不同使用年限的冷却塔水、膨胀水箱水中军团菌检出率间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同�Objective To compare the Legionella contaminative status of the cooling water system with freezing water system in central air conditioning system. Methods Legionella was tested in water and samples of all components from the cooling tower, condenser, swelling water box and evaporator of central air conditioning among 26 public places. Results The total detected rate of Legionella was 64.0% among 100 samples from two kinds of water system, 71 strains of Pneumophila legionella were separated. The detected rates were 75.0% and 52.1% in the cooling water systems and freezing water systems respectively. The amount of Legionella was more than 100 per milliliter in the cooling water systems. The detection rate of cooling tower water and swelling water box water was 100% in the air conditioning system run for over 10 years and 5-10 years. Concordance rate of consequence was 50.0% in cooling tower water and condenser water of the cooling water systems, the rate was 55.0% in swelling water box water and evaporator water of the freezing water systems. Conclusion This study suggested that more attention should be paid to the contaminative status of Legionella in freezing water system of central air conditioning system. Cooling tower and swelling water box should be the key parts in cleaning and disinfection of air conditioning system.

关 键 词：水 军团菌 卫生调查 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]