棒—板长空气间隙击穿电场稳态条件的仿真  

Simulation of the Steady-state Breakdown Field in Rod-plane Long Air Gap

作　　者：洪川[1] 胡建林[1] 孙才新[1] 莫登斌[1] 张仁民[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学高电压与电工新技术教育部重点实验室,重庆400044

出　　处：《高电压技术》2007年第11期75-79,共5页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大计划重点项目(90210026)~~

摘　　要：为推动以放电理论为基础的高电压与外绝缘学科从半物理到物理研究方向的发展,基于有限元数值计算方法,对棒-板长空气间隙的电晕云模型进行了仿真研究。结果表明:带电离子和外加电压同时影响空间电场分布,空气分子的电离率α对电场分布影响较大,附着率η、结合率β、解离率γ对电场影响较小;不同电晕云长度对空间电场分布的影响都具有相同规律性;空气相对湿度对击穿电压影响较大,空气湿度越小,空气越容易击穿;正极性棒-板长空气间隙击穿的电场条件为:放电起始后,电晕头部最高场强达到11.0kV/cm,电晕云内部最低场强达到3.0kV/cm,在该条件下对应的击穿电压计算值与实验值误差<11%。以上计算结果可为超特高压外绝缘的设计提供可靠的理论依据。For the cross of multi-discipline and the lack of advanced apparatus to measure the parameters of air discharge, the research on high-voltage and insulation technology was mainly based on experiments. To accelerate the development of discipline of high-voltage and insulation from semi-physical research into physical research, this article studies the breakdown field strength in the corona cloud model in rod-plane air gap on the basis of the finite element method （FEM）. The corona cloud models of different lengths were created in different rod-plane electrodes to find out where and how the long air gaps were breakdown. The results indicate that the charged ion and applied voltage affect the space electric field distribution together, the ionizing rate a affects the electric field distribution mostly compared to the combination rate η, the attachment rate β and the dissociation rate γ, the attachment rate β is most affected by the ion temperature and the others are most affected by the electric field. The corona cloud models of different length have the same regularity to affect the field distribution that the electric field has the same maximal and minimal values between rod and corona cloud, when the maximal electric field in head of the corona reaches 11.0 kV/cm and the minimal electric field between the rod and corona cloud reaches 3.0 kV/cm, the air gap breakdown. The maximal error between the simulation values and experimental U50% is below 11%, and the dampness of air affects the breakdown voltage significantly and the small dampness leads to lower breakdown voltage. The above resuits provide a reliable theoretical basis for the design of air insulation.

关 键 词：棒-板间隙 长空气间隙 电场计算 有限元分析 先导放电 电晕云模型 

分 类 号：TM853[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]