辽河下游平原不同水分条件下稻田氨挥发  

Ammonia volatilization from rice field under different water conditions in lower Liaohe River Plain.

作　　者：陈振华[1] 陈利军[1] 武志杰[1] 张玉兰[1] 隽英华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2007年第12期2771-2776,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX2-413-5);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD10B00).

摘　　要：应用通气密闭室法，研究了辽河下游平原不同水分条件下潮棕壤稻田生态系统施用氮肥后的NH3挥发．结果表明：稻田施用氮肥后有明显NH3挥发损失，整个生长期间总挥发量为11．64—34．01kg N·hm^-2，占施氮量的4．66％-11．66％；不同施肥时期的损失量为分蘖期〉孕穗期〉移栽前，挥发高峰出现在施氮肥后的2—4d内．稻田水分状况对NH3挥发损失具有重要影响，田面积水条件下NH3挥发总量和肥料氮损失率都较大，且不同施氮水平间差异显著（P〈0．05），挥发量随施氮量的增加而增加；田面不积水条件下NH3挥发量相对较小．氮肥用量、田面水NH4^＋浓度和pH是影响NH3挥发的重要因素；氮肥用量为180kg N·hm^-2时，不同磷水平对NH3挥发的影响不显著．With ventilating chamber, this paper measured the ammonia volatilization from a meadow brown soil rice field after N fertilization under different water conditions in lower Liaohe River Plain. The results showed that there was an obvious ammonia volatilization after N fertilization. The total ammonia volatilization during rice growth period was 11.64-34. 01 kg N · hm^-2, for 4. 66%-11.66% of applied N. The volatilization loss of applied N at different growth accounting stages followed the order of tillering stage 〉 booting stage 〉 before transplanting, and the peak was appeared at 2-4 days after N fertilization. Field water condition had a strong effect on ammonia volatilization. Under waterlogging, both the amount of total ammonia volatilization and the percentage of lost fertilizer N were higher, and the ammonia volatilization rate increased with increasing N application rate, being significantly different among different N levels （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Under un-waterlogging, the ammonia volatilization was relatively low. N application rate and the ammonium concentration and pH in surface water were the main factors affecting ammonia volatilization, while P application rate had little effect when the N application rate was 180 kg N · hm^-2.

关 键 词：潮棕壤 NH3挥发 稻田 水分条件 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]