精神病人刑事责任能力评定标准探讨  

Discussion on the Assessment Standard of Criminal Responsibility in Mental Disorder Offenders

作　　者：蔡伟雄[1] 张钦廷[1] 汪建君[1] 

机构地区：[1]司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所,上海200063

出　　处：《中国司法鉴定》2007年第6期26-27,42,共3页Chinese Journal of Forensic Sciences

基　　金：司法部2006年度国家法治与法学理论研究项目06SFB3008

摘　　要：刑事责任能力直接关系着刑事案件的定性与处理,其评定要件目前倾向认为有医学要件(标准)与法学要件(标准),但对法学要件一直缺乏明确的规定和统一认识,严重影响鉴定结论的一致性与科学性,因此亟待制订刑事责任能力评定的相关行业标准。长期以来,责任能力的评定大多是经验式判断,缺乏客观的评定工具,虽然也强调应该根据法学要件即辨认与控制能力具体分析其责任能力大小,但实践中评定模式仍多是重点考察作案当时行为人的精神状态。我们认为,精神障碍只是责任能力评定的基础,而不是其决定因素,决定责任能力大小的只能是作案时其辨认或控制能力的程度。评定刑事责任能力,首先应考察其精神状态,如果精神状态正常,即可认定为具有完全刑事责任能力;如果患有某种精神障碍,就应该去重点考察其辨认或控制能力受损的程度,再根据这种受损程度的大小相应评定,因为所有的精神障碍的落脚点都是其辨认或控制能力的受损情况。同时,为避免过去经验式判断的主观性,在相关评定标准中应该要求辅以标准化评定工具,以提高评定结果的科学性与客观性。Criminal responsibility relatesdirectly to the determination of the nature and the consequent verdicts in criminal casses,and the assessment of criminal responsibility is considered to have aspects of both medical criteria and jurisprudent criteria.At present, there are no detinite regulations and unified undertanding of jurisprudent criteria, and it is hard guaranteethe consistency and scientificity of assessment conclusions, so it is urgent to establish assessment standards for criminal responsibility.For a long time, due to Rack of objective assessment tools,most cases were judged by forensic psychiatrist＇s experience.Although it is realized that jurisprudent criteria, that is, appreciate and control ability, should be considered, in practice,the mental status of the of fender at the time when he committed the crime are the msin foeus. In our opinion, one＇s appreciate and control ability at the time when he committed the crime determines his responsibillity.To assess one＇s criminal responsibility, his mental status should be considered first. Once he is found to be normal.be has complete criminal responsibility. If he has any mental disorders,then impairment of his appreciate and tonal ability should be considered, and the criminal responsibility shouldbe assessed according to his impairment. In order to avoid subjective judgment,standardized assessing tools should be designed.

关 键 词：精神病人 精神障碍 刑事责任能力 评定 标准 

分 类 号：DF795.3[医药卫生—法医学]