中国北方草原火灾灾情评价及等级划分  

Loss assessment and grade partition of grassland fire disaster in Northern China

作　　者：张继权[1] 张会[1] 佟志军[1] 宋中山[2] 吴晓天[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学城市与环境科学学院自然灾害研究所,吉林长春130024 [2]中国农业部草原监理中心草原防火处,北京100026

出　　处：《草业学报》2007年第6期121-128,共8页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：国家"十五"科技攻关项目(2004BA528B-3-1)资助

摘　　要：中国草原火灾的频繁发生,导致草地资源减少,畜牧业发展受到威胁,生态环境遭到破坏,因此有必要对中国草原火灾灾情进行研究。本研究利用灾害发生原理及层次分析法(AHP)、模糊综合评判方法(FCE)和GIS技术等,提出了草原火灾损失评价指标体系,构建了草原火灾损失评价模型,将草原火灾灾情等级划分为4级,并对我国北方草原火灾灾情进行了评价。结果发现,内蒙古自治区、新疆自治区(包括新疆建设兵团)、黑龙江省和甘肃省属于特大草原火灾区;吉林省属于重大草原火灾区;山西省和陕西省属于一般草原火灾区;河北省、青海省、四川省、宁夏回族自治区和辽宁省属于草原火警区。其中特大草原火灾区和重大草原火灾区需要国家重点管理,一般草原火灾区需要以省级管理为主,国家管理为辅,草原火警区以市(县)管理为主,省级管理为辅。此研究结果可为我国草原火灾损失评估和赔偿提供客观依据,为各级政府和相应部门制定草原灾害管理对策、减灾规划,部署防灾、抗灾、救灾工作和草原发展规划提供理论依据。Frequent occurrence of grassland fire causes a decrease of grassland resources which threatens the development of stockbreeding and environment in China. Analytic hierarchy process （AHP）, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation （FCE） and GIS theories of disaster occurrence were used to model and grade loss assessment of grassland fire disaster in Northern China into four grades. The Inner Mongolia Municipality, Xinjiang Municipality （including Xinjiang Corps）, Heilongjiang Province, and Gansu Province belong to the area of super grassland fire disaster that needs to be managed nationally. Jilin Province belongs to the area of serious grassland fire disaster that also needs to be managed nationally. Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province belong to the area of common grassland fire disaster that can mainly be managed by the province but assisted nationally. Hebei Province, Qinghai Province, Sichuan Province, Ningxia Municipality and Liaoning Province belong to the area of grassland fire alarm that should be mainly managed by the city （county） and assisted by the province. This study provides an objective basis for assessing loss from grassland fire disasters and indemnifying for the loss and also provides a theoretical basis for taking comprehensive and active measurements and planning to fight grassland fires in China.

关 键 词：中国北方 草原火灾 灾情评价 层次分析法 模糊综合评判 

分 类 号：S812.6[农业科学—草业科学]