物种对资源竞争的动力机制及数值模拟  

The mechanism and numerical simulation of species competing for resource

作　　者：梁仁君[1] 林振山[1] 韩洪凌[2] 陈成忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院 [2]山东临沂师范学院环境与旅游学院,临沂276005

出　　处：《生态学报》2007年第12期5390-5397,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40371108;40371044);国家十五"211"工程重大资助项目~~

摘　　要：建立了集合种群物种在两个斑块中对资源竞争的数学模型,并进行了数值模拟实验,结果表明:(1)通过R*来预测竞争物种的结局,存在几种可能性:一是具有低R*值的物种竞争取代高R*值的物种;二是具有不同R*值的物种,甚至是具有相同R*值的物种也存在共存的可能性;三是具有高R*值的物种也可以竞争排斥低R*值的物种,结论存在不确定性。(2)竞争物种的随机迁移形成了源-汇结构,对物种竞争共存具有促进作用,但弱的资源利用者(较高的R*)的迁移率不宜过高。(3)在种群统计率相同的条件下,资源增长率差异越大,越不利于消费者物种的共存;若种群统计率不相同,在资源增长率相同的情况下,物种共存又是不可能的,在自然界中,物种共存需要资源增长率的差异。(4)不同类型的资源增长对竞争物种的稳定性的影响是不同的。Resource-based models of species competition have been introduced recently as an alternative to the classical theory based on the Lotka-Volterra methodological approach to species competition. Considering the resource-based species competition where species growth is restricted by resource availability, simple mathematical models are proposed to investigate the coexistence of two consumers using single finite resources distributed over distinct patches with uneven growth rates. We analyze the equilibrium state and the competing mechanism and make numerical simulation to obtain the following results. （1） By predicting the outcome of species competing for resource by R^＊, some probabilities do exist. Firstly, species with a lower R^＊ can exclude the one with a higher R^＊; secondly, species with the same R^＊ or coexistence ; thirdly, species with a higher R^＊ may also exclude the one with a lower R^＊. The conclusion, so assured. （2）The between-patch movement enable the more efficient consumer to move to patches wi growth rates, which eventually become sources, while low-growth-rate patches effectively become sinks; structure facilitates the coexistence of competitive species, while the inferior exploiter allows less migration not may expect however, is not th high resource the source-sink （3） At identical population demographic rate, the more different resource growth rate is, the less favorable for species coexistence; while at different population demographic rate, the greater difference of resource growth rate is more likely to facilitate the coexistence. In the nature, species coexistence requires different resource growth rate. （4）Distinct resource growth varies its effect on the stability of competitive species .

关 键 词：集合种群 资源竞争 R^＊ 模型 数值模拟 

分 类 号：Q14[生物学—生态学]