全国酸雨观测网未知水样考核结果的统计分析  

Evaluation of Results of Station Inter-comparison with Blind Samples in Acid Rain Monitoring Network in China

作　　者：汤洁[1] 程红兵[1] 于晓岚[1] 王淑凤[1] 姚萍[2] 吕波[2] 徐晓斌[1] 丁国安[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院中国气象局大气成分观测与服务中心中国气象局大气化学重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]中国气象局监测网络司

出　　处：《气象》2007年第12期75-82,共8页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2005CB422202);中国气象局大气成分观测与服务中心成果转化项目<中国区域酸雨形势分析及评估>共同资助

摘　　要：应用客观统计方法,整理分析了1992年以来全国酸雨观测站网的11次pH未知水样和2次电导率未知水样的考核结果。分析显示,采用稀释和pH调制的标准缓冲溶液作为pH未知水样,其测量偏差随pH标准值的变化不显著,历年的测量标准差均小于0.2pH单位。pH未知水样测量偏差的波动状况指示出观测台站仪器和人员的技术状态变化,对仪器更新、人员培训以及新业务规范的执行等业务建设和质量管理活动有显著的正面响应。对pH未知水样测量偏差的统计还显示,2001年后pH平均测量偏差出现负偏态分布特征,该特征在总体偏差较大时尤为明显,说明部分技术状态不良的台站往往容易出现较大的系统性负偏差。根据考核结果,按照世界气象组织(WMO)推荐的方法,计算除1992年外各次考核的pH值测量的修正绝对中值偏差为0.03～0.10pH单位,1992年和2006年电导率测量的修正绝对中值偏差为4%～5%。修正绝对中值偏差的逐年波动情况反映了全国酸雨观测网pH测量的总体偏差也明显地受台站技术状态波动的影响。The results of inter-station comparison of 7 pH measurements and two conductance measurements of blind samples from the Acid Rain Monitoring Network of China MeteorologicalAdministration （ARMN/CMA） since 1992 are presented. The diluted and pH modulated buffer solution was used as blind samples to prevent the changes during the transportation. The standard deviations of reported pH values were below 0.2 pH units, and its correlation with pH value of the sample was not significant. Statistics showed the significant improvements of the error level of pH measurement of blind samples corresponding to the system upgrading/quality control activi- ties, such as the instrument renewal, personal training, and the enforcement of new technical regulation. Statistics also showed that bias of pH measurement of small part of stations with poor technical condition was featured with a relatively large negative value. To evaluate overall precision for both pH and conductance measurements of ARMN /CMA, Modified Median Absolute Difference （M. MAD） were calculated according to the WMO recommended method. The M. MAD of pH measure- ment was in a range of 0.03-0.10 pH units, and that of conductance in 4% -5%.

关 键 词：酸雨 观测 质量 未知样品 总体偏差 

分 类 号：O212[理学—概率论与数理统计]