聚集经济与最优城市规模探讨  

A TENTATIVE STUDY ON THE AGGLOMERATION ECONOMY AND THE OPTIMAL CITY SIZE

作　　者：蒋涛[1] 沈正平[1] 

机构地区：[1]淮海发展研究院,徐州221009

出　　处：《人文地理》2007年第6期68-71,104,共5页Human Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(05BJL072);江苏省"六大人才高峰"项目(06-A-009)

摘　　要：经济活动的空间集中是一个引人注目的现象,聚集经济是空间集中的重要原因之一。虽然外部性对经济活动的集中有重要影响,但要解释聚集经济的来源还必须寻求更微观、更基本的经济主体行为上的原因。每个城市都存在着一个最优的规模,这个最有效率的规模是由经济活动空间集中所带来的利益与所引起的成本之间的一个均衡所决定的。因此,在城市化过程中,必须注重城市功能与效率的充分发挥。本文结合规模收益递增和单中心圆形城市模型,分析了通勤成本、城市规模收益递增程度对最优城市规模的影响,讨讨了城市人均收入与城市规模之间的关系,推导了两种对立的力量所决定的最优城市规模。文中指出:在一定条件下,城市人均收入与城市规模之间存在倒U形关系;否则,在城市总生产函数中规模收益递增程度足够强的情况下,最优城市规模取决于通勤成本。The spatial concentration of economic activities is an notewortry phenomenon. The agglomeration economy is one of the most important reasons for spatial concentration. Eeconomic externality has important influence on spatial concentration. To expose the root of agglomeration economy, the behaviors of the main micro=economic body should be explored. Each city has an optimal size. The efficient size is determined by the equilibrium between the advantages and the costs of spatial concentration. In the course of urbanization, more attention should be paid to the function and efficiency of a city. Based on the increasing returns to scale and a simplified mono=centric urban model, this paper analyzes the influence of commuting costs and the degree of urban increasing returns to scale on the optimal city size. The paper discusses the relationship between urban income per capita and city size, and deduces that the optimal city size is determined by two opposite power. The paper points out that there is a inverse U relation between urban income per capita and city size under certain conditions; otherwise, if the degree of urban increasing returns to scale in urban aggregate production function is strong enough, the optimal city size is decided by commuting costs.

关 键 词：聚集经济 最优城市规模 单中心城市模型 规模收益递增 城市化 

分 类 号：F016[经济管理—政治经济学]