印度史诗《摩诃婆罗多》成因考论  

Textual Research of the Origin of Indian Epic Mahabharata

作　　者：孟昭毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学文学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2007年第6期47-52,共6页Foreign Literature Studies

摘　　要："史诗"不是中国文化传统的产物,据考证,它源于欧洲,是希腊语"Epic",原意是"说话"、"叙事"。印度"史诗"一词的原义是"过去如是说",即历史传说。这里所论及的"史诗"实际上是古代的英雄史诗,即以描写英雄情味为主。叙事重点放在历史传说中的某一个部落、民族或者一个种族的命运系于一身的英雄或半神半人的人物身上,重在赞扬他们的英雄业绩。本文认为,印度古代两大史诗相比较而言,《摩诃婆罗多》神话史诗的色彩更浓重一些,体现了人类原始思维从神话精神发展到史诗构想的延续性。史诗通常以神话传说或重大历史事件为题材,是民族精神的再现。这种古代的长篇叙事诗一般具有广泛的叙事性质和深刻的社会、历史、文化意义。只有这样的艺术特征,才能充分表现各民族中那些象征整个部落或民族的英雄人物,如何以大无畏的英勇精神和勤劳的双手创造出人间的奇迹,并在和自然与社会的斗争中取得最初的胜利。这也恰恰反映了史诗《摩诃婆罗多》作为神话传说与历史传说的特点。＂ Epic ＂ is not the product of Chinese traditional culture. It is recorded that the word stems in Europe and in Greek ＂epic＂ means ＂talk＂ or ＂ narrate＂. Indian Epic originally meant ＂what it used to be＂ which equals historical legend and now by the word we really mean ancient heric epic which is based on describing the life of heroes. The narration focuses on praising the great accomplishments of the heroes. The epic shows the ancient nations＇ worship of gods and their desire to conquer nature. In essence it is different from myths and legends. The author of this paper believes that as far as the Great Epic is concerned, Mahabharata possesses a stronger sense of myths which represents the continuation in human＇ s primitive thinking from the spirits of myths to epical construction. Epic is usually based on myths or legends or historical events and it is the representation of national spirits. This kind of narration usually has its profound social, historical and cultural significance. It fully represents the spirits of heroes and the wonders they create, as well as the triumph in the struggle among man, nature and society, all of which are included in Mahabharata as a mythical epic.

关 键 词：史诗 《摩诃婆罗多》 成因考论 神话传说 

分 类 号：I351.072[文学—其他各国文学]