2006年中国城市饮用水源突发污染事件统计及分析  

Statistical analysis on drinking water source and supply system contamination threats and incidents for urban areas in China during 2006

作　　者：王东宇[1] 张勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学环境科学系,上海200062

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2007年第6期150-155,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(70403005)

摘　　要：统计分析了我国2006年1月1日至12月31日发生的城市饮用水源突发污染事件,以揭示2005年松花江污染和哈尔滨停水重大事件之后,中国城市水源突发污染事件发生的规律、危害、应急响应状况以及总体情况和变化趋势,检验近1年来中国城市水源突发污染事件应急机制的有效性和科学性。从发生日期、地点、污染物种类、事件简况、应急反应5个方面对75起突发污染事件的统计分析表明:1) 2006年突发污染事件总体呈数量增多、危害增大的趋势;2)危险化学品和各类工业污水仍是主要污染物;3)交通事故、工厂泄漏事故和突然排污仍是主要风险源;4)41.3%的事件威胁到了城市供水系统安全运行,造成城市几小时或多天停水,带来严重的社会影响;5)92%的突发污染事件得到了应急响直,但应急时间远大于国家规定的1h,应急预案在快速性和有效性方面还需改进。This paper provides an investigation and summary of major drinking water source and supply system contamination threats and incidents for urban areas in China in ：2006, along with the authors＇ exploration of the regularities and inffluences, current responses situation and future developing trends of the drinking water source and supply system contamination threats and incidents for urban areas in China in hoping to work out the efficiency and suitability of the emergent response mechanisms set up ＇after the Songhuajiang River pollution accident in ：2006. The whole paper can be divided into five aspects, including the dates, sites, pollutant types, brief descriptions of the accidents and the emergent response to them based on the analysis of the 75 water pollution accidents. Thus, the investigation and statistical analysis of ours indicates that： （1） In ：2006, the tendency with this system is characterized with much more accidents taking place and much more serious effects brought about to the fresh water supply to the urban residents; （2） Major pollutants are still chemical materials, waste water discharge and factory sewage; （3） Major risk-leading pollutant sources are still coming from the inland river-water transportation and transferring accidents caused by the pollution events and the waste-water discharge pollutants; （4） Serious effect and social consequence such water-pollution accidents brought about to our society. They have to account for 41.3 percent of the threatening factors to the saety of the urban water supply system. They also have to account for the urban water supply shortage; （5） Though 92 percent of such serious incidents are given quick response to, much more improvement has to be given to the prompt responses and more efficient emergent measures to be taken to such serious happenings.

关 键 词：城市公共安全 城市饮用水源 突发污染事件 统计分析 应急预案 中国 

分 类 号：X620.20[环境科学与工程]