人斜方肌的亚部化研究  

Study on compartmentalization of human trapezius

作　　者：杨方玖[1] 薛黔[1] 刘茂生[1] 

机构地区：[1]遵义医学院人体解剖学教研室,贵州遵义563003

出　　处：《遵义医学院学报》2007年第3期226-228,共3页Journal of Zunyi Medical University

摘　　要：目的为斜方肌亚部肌移植的临床应用提供形态学资料。方法大体解剖法和Sihler’s肌内神经染色法。结果①人斜方肌分降部、水平部和升部三个亚部:降部起自上项线内1/3、枕外隆凸、项韧带,肌束向下止于锁骨外侧1/3段的后缘。水平部起自从第7颈椎到第3胸椎的全部棘突和棘上韧带,肌束水平向外止于肩峰内侧缘和肩胛冈嵴的上唇。升部起自从第4胸椎到第12胸椎的全部棘突和棘上韧带,肌束斜向外上方,止于肩胛冈内侧端的结节上。②人斜方肌的降部仅由副神经支配,斜方肌的水平部和升部由副神经与颈神经双重支配;肌内神经支在斜方肌每个亚部的肌腹中部均形成终未神经分支密集区,三个亚部的神经分支密集区连成一条连续的约呈"S"形的神经分支带。结论人斜方肌有互异的肌纤维走行和起止点,可分为三个亚部:降部、水平部和升部。Objective To provide the morphologieal data for clinical application of the compartments of human trapezius. Methods Gross anatomy and Sihler＇s neural staining method. Results l.The human trapezius could be divided into three compartments, namely descending part, transverse part and ascending part. Descending part arises from the ligamentum nuchae up to the external oeeipita/protaberanee, and inserts posteriorly on the posterior border of the lateral third of the clavicle. Transverse part arises from the spinoas processes of the 7th cervical vertebrae （C7） through the third thoracic vertebrae （T3）, and inserts on the medial border of acromion and superior labium of the scapular spine. Ascending part arises from the 4th thoracic vertebrae （T4） through the 12th thoracic vertebrae （T12）, and inserts on the tubercle at medial end of the scapular spine. 2. Descending part of human trapezius is innervated by the spinal accessory nerve, whereas the transverse and ascending parts of human trapezius are innervated by both the spinal accessory nerve and the trapezius branches of the cervical plexus. Intramuscular nerve of trapezius gave off terminal neural branches, which came into being an dense region of neural branches in each compartmental middle, then formed an continuous neural branch cingtdum like ＂S＂ in the middle of trapezius. Conclusions The human trapezius can be divided into three compartments, namely descending part, transverse part and ascending part.

关 键 词：肌亚部 副神经 颈丛 斜方肌 

分 类 号：R322[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]