中国大豆种质资源耐铝毒性的变异特点及优选  

CHARACTERIZATION OF VARIATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF ELITE ACCESSIONS OF ALUMINUM TOXIN TOLERANCE SOYBEAN GERMPLASM IN CHINA

作　　者：齐波[1] 赵团结[1] 盖钧镒[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学大豆研究所/农业部国家大豆改良中心/作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《大豆科学》2007年第6期813-819,共7页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30490250);国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2002CB111304;2004CB7206;2006CB101708);国家863项目(2002AA211052;2006AA100104);长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助项目(PCSIRT)

摘　　要：铝毒害是酸性土壤中限制大豆产量的重要因素之一。探讨我国不同生态区大豆种质资源耐铝毒害性的遗传变异特点对于大豆耐铝毒品种选育具有重要意义。本研究从各生态区选出509份种质资源,采用苗期营养液砂培鉴定方法,以株高、叶龄、地上部干重和地下部干重的平均隶属函数值(FAi)作为耐铝毒性的指标,分析不同生态区品种对铝毒的耐性表现。结果表明,全国栽培大豆种质资源的耐铝毒隶属函数值存在相当大的变异,变幅为8.59%～74.83%,呈现出中间多、两头少的单峰态分布;各生态区内均存在与全国相同的变异特点,生态区间的变异比较小,平均数变幅仅为39.24%～41.65%,区内变异明显地大于区间变异;大豆耐铝毒性的强弱具有一定的相对性,根据参考文献所选的对照品种在509份资源中都处于中间状态,说明大豆种质资源耐铝毒性存在更大的耐铝毒和敏感性的变异;按照FAi>65%(1级),遴选出了15份强耐铝毒资源,占所选资源总数的2.95%,分别来自Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ生态区;按照FAi<15%(5级),遴选出5份强敏感性材料,占资源总数的0.98%,分别来自Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ生态区,可供大豆耐铝毒性遗传育种研究利用。Abstract Aluminum toxicity is one of the major factors limiting crop productivity in acid soil, particularly in southern China. It is the base for aluminum toxin tolerance （Al-tolerance）breeding to characterize the genetic variability of the germplasm of cultivated soybean（Glyclne max （L.） Merr. ）from different varietal eco-regions. In this study, 509 accessions of Glyclne max （L.） Merr. sampled from different eco-regions were tested in a split-plot pot experiment with 28 mg kg^-1 aluminum vs. pure water as major treatment and accession as minor treatment and average membership index over plant height, number of leaves, dry weight above ground and dry weight under ground as tolerance indicator （FAi）in 2006. There showed a single peak frequency distribution of FAi value with the range of 8.59%-74. 83% and the majority in the middle part and less frequencies at both sides,indicating a pretty large variation of Al-tolerance in the whole country,even scattered much more than the tolerant and sensitive checks. The same tendency was for the different coo-regions, with the variation among coo-regions （39. 24%- 41. 65%）being less than that within coo-regions. Total 15 （accounted for 2.95%）most Al-tolerant accessions from Ecovregion Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ ,and Ⅵ with FAi value more than 65% and five （0.98%）most sensitive accessions from Eco-region Ⅱ , Ⅲ, Ⅳ,and Ⅵwith FAi value less than 15% were screened out for further studies in genetics and breeding for Al-tolerance. Based on it, a new set of tolerant and sensitive standard checks were suggested to replace the old set used in the present study since the new one could cover a wider range of Al-tolerance. In addition,the potential utilization of the resuits in the study on genetics and breeding for Al-tolerance was discussed.

关 键 词：大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.] 耐铝毒 种质资源 鉴定 变异 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]