电解铝液中氢形成机理  

Formation mechanism of hydrogen in electrolyte aluminum liquid

作　　者：贺永东[1] 张新明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学材料科学与工程学院

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2007年第6期1055-1062,共8页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重大基础研究发展规划项目(2005CB623706)

摘　　要：对铝电解过程中铝液中氢的形成机理进行研究。研究结果表明:电解铝所用的原材料(Al2O3和AlF3等)有良好的吸水性能,所携带的水分进入电解液后,或与氟化盐发生水解反应,或被电解成氢和氧,析出的氢通过扩散和Al2O3寄生机制进入铝液,这是电解铝液中氢的主要来源。水分与铝反应所产生的氢通过Al2O3夹杂物-气体寄生机制进入铝液,对电解铝液中氢的形成有重要影响;铝电解过程生成的氢通过扩散和寄生机制对铝液的污染,是短流程工艺影响铝熔体冶金质量的主要根源。Formation mechanism of hydrogen during aluminum electrolyte liquid was discussed, The results show that the originated materials for electrolyte aluminium is Al2O3 and AlF3 has good property to absorb vapour, After the water contained in the originated materials goes into electrolyte, AlF3 reacts with water hydrolyzed and the rest of water is electrolyzed into hydrogen and oxygen, Hydrogen enteres aluminum liquid by diffusing and autoecious in Al2O3, which is the main source of hydrogen in electrolyte aluminum liquid, The hydrogen is produced by the reaction of Al and autoecious mechanism during anode effect dealing process, which has important effect on the formation of Al electrolyte. Hydrogen produced in the course of Al electrolysis pollutes aluminum liquid by diffusion and autoecious mechanism is the main rootstock affecting the metallurgical quality of liquid-Al in short-flow process.

关 键 词：铝液 水解 电解 H2O H2 阳极效应 

分 类 号：TG290[金属学及工艺—铸造] TG803.25