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作 者:王晓卫[1] 李保国[1] 马军政 吴晓民[3] 肖红[3] 杨君英 刘宜平
机构地区:[1]西北大学生命科学学院,西安710069 [2]陕西省周至国家级自然保护区管理局,陕西周至714000 [3]陕西省动物研究所,西安710032
出 处:《动物学报》2007年第6期939-946,共8页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA
基 金:国家自然科学基金(No.30570312;30630016);日本Cosmo石油环境卡基金(2005-2010);国家科技部"十一五"支撑计划(2006BAD03A1202);陕西省科学院青年基金(2006K-35)资助~~
摘 要:2005年3月至2006年5月在秦岭北坡的陕西周至国家级自然保护区玉皇庙地区,采用焦点动物取样法(Focal animal sampling)观察动物,利用瞬时记录法(Instantaneous recording)等记录数据,对2003年出生的7只秦岭川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellana)个体(3♀、4♂)的社会理毛、社会玩耍、被驱赶、攻击、爬跨等行为进行了研究,以了解该物种社会行为的发育在2-3岁阶段是否存在性别间的差异。结果表明:雌、雄二性社会理毛行为的平均频次存在显著性差异(♀11.86%、♂6.55%),并且这种显著性差异也体现在理毛婴猴行为(♀3.64%、♂1.26%)和理毛母亲行为(♀4.61%、♂2.70%)方面;雄性社会玩耍行为的平均频次与雌性相比也有显著性差异(♀4.44%、♂7.39%),这与被驱赶行为性别差异的研究结果相同(♀0.42、♂1.98);爬跨行为的平均频次也表现出显著性的性别差异(♀0.034、♂1.83),如同攻击行为(♀0.043、♂0.088)。另外,我们在将2-3岁阶段分为4个小发育阶段的基础上,还发现除雌性理毛婴猴行为的发生频次和雄性被驱赶行为的发生频次与年龄(阶段)呈极显著正相关外,雌性和雄性其它行为的发生频次与年龄均不相关。因此,川金丝猴2-3岁内个体社会行为的发育具有显著性的性别差异,且在一定程度上反映了雌雄二性不同的生活史,而这种行为上的策略正是该物种在长期进化中在群体水平上对自然选择压力的回应,以增加个体的适合度,使种群得以繁衍.Between March 2005 and May 2006, we studied sex differences in the social behavior of seven juvenile (3 ~ , 4 ~ ) Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana at Yuhuangmiao Village in the Zhouzhi National Nature Reserve on the north slope of Mt. Qinling, China. The behavioral categories recorded were social grooming, social play, expulsion from the group,mounting and aggression. We used focal animal sampling and instantaneous sampling techniques. The results showed that significant sex differences of mean frequency were found not only in social grooming ( ♀ 11.86%, ♂ 6.55 % ) including grooming of infants (♀3.64%, ♂ 1.26%) and grooming mother (♀4.61%, ♂2.70%), hut also in social play (♂4.44%, ♀ 7.39%), being expelled ( ♀ 0.42, ♂ 1.98), mounting ( ♀ 0.034,♂ 1.83) and aggression ( ♀ 0.043, ♂ 0.088). We divided the age period (2 to 3 years) into 4 stages. This showed that mean frequencies of grooming infants (in females) and mean frequencies of being expelled (in males) were highly positively correlated with development stages. These sex differences appear to reflect, in part, differences in the life histories of the two sexes. This developmental strategy is also a response to the natural selection pressure based on population level in evolution, and increase individual fitness and make population maintain [ Acta Zoologica Sinica 53 (6): 939-946, 2007]. Key words Sichuan snub-nosed monkey, Rhinopithecus roxellana, 2 to 3 years old, Social behavior, Sex differences
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