基于岩溶生态系统特性的水土流失敏感性评价  

Assessment of Soil Erosion Sensitivity Based on the Characteristics of Karst Ecosystem

作　　者：李阳兵[1] 邵景安[2] 王世杰[3] 李荣彪[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与生物科学学院,贵州贵阳550001 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [3]中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《山地学报》2007年第6期671-677,共7页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2006CB403200);教育部"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"(NCET-05-0819)~~

摘　　要：在岩溶地区大范围内进行土壤侵蚀风险评价需要寻求新的简单有效的方法,建立适合岩溶地区特点的评估模型,才能避免水土流失治理规划的失误。考虑岩溶地区碳酸盐岩成土速率低、存在石漠化等特点,选取土壤允许流失量和退化岩溶生态系统的基岩裸露率,结合年平均降水、坡度、植被指数,在生成各单因素评价图的基础上,在Arcview中完成单因素图的叠加分析,得到贵州省岩溶地区水土流失敏感性综合评价图,并将其划分为不敏感、轻度敏感、中度敏感和强度敏感四级。在此基础上,探讨了贵州省水土流失敏感性的空间分异规律,提出水土流失预防治理的优先区。Only that assessment model of soil loss which adapt to karst ecosystem could avoid mistakes of soil and water conservation, so, simple and effective risk assessment of soil erosion from a large scale should be found newly in karst area. Therefore, we took into account the soil loss tolerance in karst area and bareness of basement rocks of degraded karst ecosystem to evaluate the sensitivity of soil loss according to the low pedogenesis rate and occurred karst rocky desertification, integrating with precipitation, slope gradient and vegetation index. As a result, assessment map of each factor was finished. We also drew integrated assessment map of sensitivity of soil erosion by overlapping function with Arcview, and the sensitivity of soil loss was classified into 4 degrees, the area of intensive sensitivity, moderate sensitivity, slight sensitivity and no-sensitivity are 1 902.09 km2, 46 777.19 km^2, 109 352.3 km^2, 18 087.42 km^2, respectively. Furthermore, we analyzed distribution characteristics and spatial difference of sensitivity of soil loss in Guizhou Province under karst environment. According to sensitivity degree, priority erosion control areas were confirmed so as to provide scientific basis for departments of soil conservancy.

关 键 词：岩溶生态系统 水土流失 敏感性评价 空间分异 

分 类 号：P931.5[天文地球—自然地理学] S157[农业科学—土壤学]