电子废弃物中的金属回收技术研究进展  

Advance in Technologies of Metals Recovery from Waste Electronical and Electronic Equipments

作　　者：李晶莹[1] 盛广能[1] 孙银峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学环境与安全工程学院,山东青岛266042

出　　处：《污染防治技术》2007年第6期40-45,共6页Pollution Control Technology

摘　　要：总结了目前国内外从电子废弃物中回收金属的4种主要处理技术(即机械处理技术、热处理技术、湿法冶金技术和生物技术)的研究成果,并分析比较了其优、劣势,机械处理技术工艺简单、易规模化,且产生的二次污染相对较小,迎合了商业发展和环保的需求,但无法将各种金属彻底分离;热处理技术一般会污染环境,金属回收率较低,但对富集金属含量低的废物中的金属具有良好的效果;湿法冶金方法工艺较为复杂,化学试剂耗量大、且易腐蚀设备,但金属回收率较高;生物技术具有投资省、回收效率高和环保等优点,但已知菌种少且难以培养,生产周期过长。因此,应当在不断追求经济有效、环境友好的金属回收技术的基础上,对各种技术进行交叉优化组合,扬长避短,组成一个各种技术相互协调的环境友好型回收系统,实现清洁高效地回收高纯度金属。Recycling of waste electronical and electronic equipments （WEEE） is an important subject not only from the point of minimizing the adverse effects of hazardous materials but also from the recovery of valuable materials. Many countries and organizations have drafted national legislation to improve the reuse, recycling and other forms of recovery of such wastes so as to reduce disposal. In this paper, there were four ways to recover metals from WEEE, e.g. mechanical separation, heating separation, hydrometallurgical leaching and biological screening. Their virtues and disadvantages were analyzed and evaluated in detail. The mechanical/physical processing, based on the characterization of WEEE, provided an alternative means of recovering valuable materials.

关 键 词：电子废弃物 金属 回收 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X76