滇西北主要城市水资源环境问题分析  

Analyzing Water Resource Problems in Major Cities of the Northwestern Yunnan

作　　者：范弢[1] 杨世瑜[2] 角媛梅[1] 李捷[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院,昆明650092 [2]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,昆明650093

出　　处：《资源科学》2008年第1期78-85,共8页Resources Science

基　　金：云南省自然科学基金项目:“云南丽江世界遗产地生态地质环境演化趋势研究”(编号:2005D00202);国家973计划子项目:“纵向岭谷地表过程及其生态环境效应”(编号:2003CB41015-09);国家自然科学基金项目:“哀牢山区哈尼梯田景观空间格局与水生态过程研究”(编号:40401022)

摘　　要：通过调查和综合分析,滇西北的大理、丽江、香格里拉和六库4个主要城市中,丽江和大理城市水资源环境问题相对突出,而香格里拉和怒江六库水资源环境较优良。丽江大研古城面临着水污染加剧、城市水资源保障不足问题,并影响了丽江世界文化遗产地景观水环境。大理市洱海面临着富营养化加剧,湖泊水位降低、面积缩小,湖滨带生境恶化、面源污染突出等方面问题。滇西北城市水资源环境问题与制度管理上的僵化滞后、以及水资源不可持续的利用方式等方面密切相关。为保护城市水资源环境,丽江市要加强对丽江盆地生态环境的保护和建设,加强水利工程建设和水资源的科学管理,提高水资源保障率;并实施"调剂古城周边地下泉水为主,拉市海调水为辅"的景观调水方案,使古城清水长流。洱海流域要通过实施营养盐控制、生态修复和非工程措施等主要污染控制工程,以缓解洱海富营养化进程加剧态势。香格里拉和怒江六库要重点加强对城市生活垃圾污水收集处理以及城市后备水源地生态环境的保护。According to filed survey and comprehensive analysis, among the four major cities of the northwestern Yunnan Province, water resource problems in Lijiang and Dali are serious. Water resource condition in Shangrila and Nujiang Liuku is better than in other areas. With the rapid population growth and tourism industrial development, the ancient city of Dayanin Lijiang has been threatening by increased water pollution and groundwater depletion, and the scarcity of urban water resources has posed negative impacts on local socioeconomic development and the world cultural heritage conservation. The urban domestic sewage is the major pollutant sources and unreasonable use of water resources has led to an unstable water level in Heilongtan and an imbalance between supply and demand of urban water resource. Water resources in Dali is abundant and the quality of the groundwater there is good （Ⅲ）. However, Erhai Lake Dali has been facing such problems as eutrophication, decline of water table, shrunk lake area, and deteriorated Lake Environment. The water pollutions in Erhai are mainly resulted from soil erosion, overuse of fertilizer, rural living wastes and domestic animal dung. Generally, water resource problems in major cities of northwestern Yunnan are closely related to the lagged water resource management and the unsustainable way of water resources use. For the sake of water resource conservation in Lijiang, the ecological project and hydraulic engineering construction should be strengthened and water resource management and efficiency of water resource use should be improved. In Erhai watershed, pollutants Shangrila control and ecological recovering measures should be enhanced. The water resources in Jiangtan town and Nujiang Liuku town are plenteous and the water quality there is quite good. Thus, the monitoring and supervision of water resources, and treatment of domestic wastes and sewage should be strengthened.

关 键 词：水资源环境问题 现状 原因 调控对策 滇西北四城市 

分 类 号：TV211[水利工程—水文学及水资源]