视觉假体微电极经眶外侧壁入路植入视神经的应用解剖  

Applied anatomy related to vision prosthesis microelectrode implanted into optic nerve through lateral orbital wall approach

作　　者：吴云霞[1] 许家军[1] 郭晓丹[1] 张更[2] 刘芳[1] 纪荣明[1] 黄会龙 刘镇[1] 

机构地区：[1]第二军医大学解剖学教研室,上海200433 [2]福建医科大学人体解剖与组织胚胎学系,福建福州350004

出　　处：《解剖学研究》2007年第6期449-453,共5页Anatomy Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2005CB724302)项目

摘　　要：目的为经眶外侧壁入路植入视神经视觉假体微电极提供解剖学依据。方法选用经4%甲醛固定及动脉灌注红色乳胶的成人头湿性标本30例,观测眶内眼动脉及相关分支的起始、数量和外径与穿入视神经鞘膜动脉的起始、外径和穿入部位、视神经外径等参数。结果泪腺动脉1～2支,经外直肌上缘上方(3.83±1.43)mm前行。外直肌-视神经间隙的深度为(8.14±0.90)mm,内有睫状短神经5～10条,颞侧睫状后动脉1～2支。穿入视神经鞘膜动脉的方位,内侧20%,上方29.3%,外侧6.7%,下方44%。视网膜中央动脉主要经下方穿入视神经,穿入处距球后(0.85±0.28)cm,该处动脉外径为(0.40±0.09)mm。眼动脉斜跨视神经处远侧端距球后(1.44±0.22)cm。在球后与总腱环中点处,视神经左右径(3.96±0.35)mm,上下径(4.18±0.33)mm。结论宜经眶外侧壁入路植入视神经视觉假体微电极,植入微电极的部位以视神经球后4～8mm处的外侧较好,植入深度应小于1.5mm。Objective To provide the anatomic data for vision prosthesis microelectrode being implanted into optic nerve through lateral orbital wall approach. Method Related anatomic structures, e. g. optic nerve and ophthalmic artery were observed and measured on 30 formalized adult cadaver heads and the arteries were infused by red emulsion. Result There were 1 or 2 lacrimal arteries passing forward at （3.83±1.43）mm above the superior margin of external rectus muscle. The depth of interspace between external rectus muscle and optic nerve was （8.14±0.90）mm with 5-10 branches of short ciliary nerves and 1-2 short ciliary arteries. The positions of the sheathed arterioles perforating into sheath of optic nerve were medial 20%, superior 29.3%, lateral 6.7%, inferior 44% to the optic nerve. Most of the central artery of retina perforated the optic nerve beneath its sheath, where was （0.85±0.28）cm behind the eyeball, and the external diameter of it was （0.40±0.09）mm. The ophthalmic artery passed above optic nerve （1.44±0.22）cm behind the eyeball. The transverse and vertical diameter of optic nerve were （3.96±0.35）mm and （4.18±0.33）mm respectively at the midpoint between annulus tendineus communis and posterior pole of eyeball. Conclusion It is a safe approach to implant the vision prosthesis microelectrode into optic nerve though lateral orbital wall. It would be better to implant microelectrode 4-8 mm behind the eyeball with the depth less than 1.5 mm.

关 键 词：视神经 视网膜中央动脉 眼动脉 视觉假体微电极 

分 类 号：R322[医药卫生—人体解剖和组织胚胎学]