典型草原区退耕及封育草地土壤水分物理性质研究  

Soil Moisture Physical Properties of Farming-withdrawn Land and Enclosed Grassland in a Typical Grassland

作　　者：赵勇钢[1] 赵世伟[2] 曹丽花[3] 梁向锋[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部 水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院 水利部 水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西藏农牧学院 资源与环境学院,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2007年第6期41-44,115,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑重大项目(2006BCA01A07;2006BAD0908);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金项目(10501-152)

摘　　要：对典型草原云雾山保护区退耕6 a,11 a(放牧8 a)和16 a的3个退耕地和4个封育草地(百里香群落、铁杆蒿群落、大针茅群落和长芒草群落)对照坡耕地表层土壤的水分特征曲线数学模型、持水参数和比水容量进行了测定。结果表明,封育草地的持水和供水性能要大于退耕地和坡耕地,放牧对退耕11 a的持水和供水性能有较大影响。云雾山自然保护区坡地退耕和草地封育后,样地土壤的持水能力大小顺序为封育长芒草群落>大针茅群落>百里香群落>铁杆蒿群落>退耕16 a>退耕6 a>坡耕地>退耕11 a(放牧8 a)。供水能力大小顺序为封育长芒草群落>百里香群落>铁杆蒿群落>大针茅群落>退耕16 a>退耕6 a>退耕11 a(放牧8 a)>坡耕地。这说明土壤持水和供水性能随着退耕年限的增加和封育草地的正向植被演替均逐渐增强的趋势。坡地退耕和草地封育能够通过改善土壤的水分物理性质提高土壤的蓄水持水性能和抗侵蚀能力。Soil water characteristic model, holding water parameter, and specific water capacity on three farming-withdrawn lands （6, 11, and 16 years） and four enclosed grasslands （Thymus mongolicus, Artemisia gmelini, Stipa grandis and Stipa bungeana communities） are studied by contrasting with slope plantation in a typical grassland on the Loess Plateau. Results show that soil holding and supplying water capabilities in enclosed grasslands are better than farming-withdrawn lands and the cultivated sloping land, but grazing on the 11 year grassland has a significant effect on the capacities. The treatments, in terms of soil holding water capability, rank in the descendant order of Stipa bungeana , Stipa grandis , Thymus mongolicus , Artemisia gmelini, 16 year withdrawing, 6 year withdrawing, cultivated sloping land, and 11 year withdrawing （grazing for 8 years） and in terms of supplying water capability, Stipa bungeana, Thymus mongolicus, Artemisia gmelin, Stipa grandis, 16 year withdrawing, 6 year Withdrawing, and 11 year withdrawing （grazing for 8 years）, and cultivated sloping land. Farming-withdrawn land and enclosed grassland can improve soil holding and supplying water capability by promoting soil water physical properties.

关 键 词：退耕地 封育草地 植被演替 水分物理参数 持水性能 供水性能 

分 类 号：S152.75[农业科学—土壤学] S812.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]