塔里木河流域中下游典型地物光谱变化规律  

SPECTRAL RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS OF REPRESENTATIVE GROUND OBJECT IN MIDDLE AND LOWER COURSE OF TARIM RIVER BASIN

作　　者：王树东[1] 肖正清[2] 包安明[3] 周淑娟[1] 于凯[1] 唐义闵[1] 谢东辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院遥感科学国家重点实验室 [2]北京师范大学资源学院,北京100875 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2007年第6期673-677,F0003,共6页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40771150;40601060);国家重大工程资助项目;国家"八六三"计划资助项目(2006AA10Z213);长江学者和创新团队发展计划资助项目

摘　　要：由于塔里木河流域中下游距离河道在垂直向的差别,以及气候与人为因素的影响,使植被的空间分布具有异构性.典型地物光谱变化的研究为中下游生态环境的遥感监测提供了基础,实验研究表明：绿色全荣植物中,棉花由于其具有明显绿峰、水分吸收谷和近红外的高反射峰而更加容易识别,其他植物主要差别则集中在550,680,1 420 nm附近的反射峰、吸收谷和1 920-2 500 nm之间的反射率;与绿色植被相比,枯枝的光谱在可见光部分的绿峰和红光吸收谷不明显,但在可见光部分波形有所差别,而与流沙土壤光谱相比,各波段反射率变化较大;对比不同荣枯比例的植物光谱发现,同一种植物随着荣枯配比的变化,除可见光绿峰、近红外反射峰和各水分吸收谷变化外,最明显的是在近红外1 420-1 820 nm之间和短波红外1 920-2 500 nm之间反射率随着枯枝的比例增加而明显升高;关于土壤光谱,中下游各断面占主要类型的流沙土光谱相差不大,但是盐碱土和含有一定水分的盐碱土则变化较大,而且反射率基本低于流沙土,结壳土则除在近红外和短波红外部分变化更加平缓而有所差别外,其余波段接近流沙土;同样的土壤背景下,近红外和短波红外部分反射率的差别能够在一定程度上反映覆盖度的变化.Changing characteristics of undergroundwater of Tarim river basin present descending tendency from middle to lower course and from far to close range in vertical direction of flow direction of river channel, and which cause difference of water supply for ecology, in addition, climatic change and man - induced influence also play important role in resulting in heterogeneity of representative ground object distribution. So research on spectral characteristics of representative ground object would provide a base for studying ecology of Tarim river basin from middle to lower course. Result of the experiment （later of May and later of August） research presented presents the following conclusion. Obvious green reflection peak （near 550nm）, absorbed valley and high reflection peak in near infrared waveband differ cotton from Tamarix L. , Ree others;, and which might be differed from these bands except for the reflection peak in near infrared band green peak and absorbed valley in visible disappeared compared with green and wealthy vegetation, but change strenuously compared with that of blown sand; the green peak in visible band, reflection peak in infrared and absorbed valley in visible and infrared band would change with changing ratio of healthy green twig and leaves and wilting ones, and reflectance of the bands 1 420- 1 820 nm and 1 920-2 500 nm would be higher with increasing of wilting twig and leaves; for soil, spectrums of blown soil in various experiment points are similar, and incrusted soil changed gentlier in infrared and short infrared band and are similar in other bands, but spectrums of saline-sodic and containing water soil differ obviously and lower than that of blown soil; reflectance of infrared and short infrared band could present change of green and wilting cover ratio in same soil background.

关 键 词：地下水供给 生态变化 典型地物 光谱变化 

分 类 号：S153.621[农业科学—土壤学]