“三江并流”自然遗产地澜沧江流域居民区蚊类多样性的空间分布格局  

Spatial distribution pattern of mosquito diversity in residential area along Lancang River in a natural protected territory,"Three Parallel River Region"of Yunnan Province, China

作　　者：葛军旗[1] 孙肖红[2] 龚正达[3] 梁国栋[2] 李镜辉[1] 冯星明[3] 张丽云[3] 李斌[3] 付士红[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,北京102206 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所,北京100052 [3]云南省地方病防治所,大理671000

出　　处：《生物多样性》2008年第1期24-33,共10页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30460124)

摘　　要：为探索我国西南山地居民区蚊类多样性空间分布规律与区系分异,作者于2005年7-9月应用紫外灯诱捕法对滇西北"三江并流"自然遗产地中的澜沧江流域6个纬度梯度带(24°-30°N)和5个海拔梯度带(1,000-3,500m)山地居民区的蚊类进行了调查取样。共捕获蚊类76,458只,分属于2亚科5属36种。统计分析结果显示:(1)物种丰富度随纬度的升高呈下降趋势,随海拔的升高呈先增高后降低的单峰型分布格局;(2)α多样性随纬度的升高呈先降低而后略有升高的分布格局,最高峰位于Ⅰ带(24°-25°N),而随海拔的升高呈波浪状变化,峰值分别出现在C(2,000-2,500m)和E(3,000-3,500m)带;(3)β多样性(Cody指数)随纬度和海拔的升高先减少后增加,基本形成两端高中间低的格局。两端高峰的具体地理位置分别处于南亚热带向中亚热带气候和暖温带向寒温带气候的过渡地带,说明蚊类β多样性空间分布格局、区系及物种的组成与地理环境和气候条件的变化有关;(4)从种群组成相似性聚类分析的结果来看,不同纬度、海拔梯度带间蚊类都被分为3个地域区系类型,即东洋区系、东洋与古北区系的过渡区和古北区系;(5)典范对应分析(CCA)的排序结果显示:气温和降水均影响当地蚊类多样性的空间分布格局,降水起主导作用。The Three Parallel River Region is an epicentre of Chinese biodiversity, which is reputed as one of the world＇s 25 major “biodiversity hotspots”. However, few study has been done on the notorious mosquitoes in this area. We surveyed the mosquitoes in relation to latitude and elevation along the Lancang River （24^o-30^oN, 1,000-3,500 m asl）. Adult mosquito samples were captured using UV light traps from July to September 2005 in the mountainous residential areas. A total of 76,458 adult mosquitoes were collected and identified as 36 species of 5 genera in 2 subfamilies. The results showed： （1） species richness gradually decreased with the increasing latitude but showed a single-peak curve pattern along the altitudinal gradient; （2） a diversity decreased first and then increased slightly along the increasing latitude, showing a wave-like curve along the altitudinal gradient; （3） 13 diversity （Cody index） was higher in the transitional climate zones, and the same pattern was found along the altitudinal gradient, which reflected the influence of geographical environment and climate on the species composition, fauna and diversity distribution pattern of mosquitoes; （4） Mosquito species were classified into three main ecological types by cluster analysis, namely Oriental fauna, Palaearctic fauna, and the transitional fauna between them; and （5） the result from canonical correspondence analysis indicated that precipitation is the key factor influencing spatial distribution pattern of mosquito diversity in the study area.

关 键 词：蚊类 生物多样性 空间分布格局 山地 居民区 澜沧江 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]