土壤系统分类与生物系统分类体系中的多样性特征对比分析  

COMPARISON OF DIVERSITY CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN PEDOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TAXONOMIES

作　　者：张学雷[1] 王辉[2] 张薇[3] 肖光平[4] 陈杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学自然资源与生态环境研究所,郑州450001 [2]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所) [3]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [4]山东师范大学人口资源与环境学院,济南250014

出　　处：《土壤学报》2008年第1期1-8,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40671012,40541003)资助

摘　　要：生物系统分类的数学结构及其令人信服的解释一直以来是生物学界广泛关注的经典学术问题,然而很少有人用统计分布模型对非生物分类系统(如土壤分类系统)的结构进行分析与研究。本文通过计算两种系统分类的幂律和对数正态分布,对土壤植物寄生的线虫类分类体系(垫刃亚目)和非生物系统分类的多样性特征(中国土壤系统分类为例)进行了比较,进而分析它们之间的相似性和差异性。分析结果表明,生物分类和土壤系统分类具有很高的相似性,有着相似的数学结构和多样性特征。据此可认为,两种分类系统都是合理的信息系统,符合相同的分布模型,如幂律分布、对数正态分布等。在两种分类系统中也存在一些细小的差别,垫刃亚目分类体系较中国土壤系统分类具有更丰富的分支体系,而从均匀度指数来看,中国土壤系统分类系统的设计似乎是更加合理。从威利斯曲线可以看出,中国土壤系统分类较垫刃亚目分类体系具有更规则的结构,这一特征可能与两种学科中不同的分类理念有关。Mathematical structure of biological classification and its convincing interpretation have been an academic issue that has aroused extensive attention in the biological circle, but few have applied statistical distribution models to the study or analysis of structure of nonbiological classification, such as Soil Taxonomy. Comparison was made between the biological classification system for soil borne plant parasitic nematodes of the Tylenchina suborder and with a nonbiological one （Chinese Soil Taxonomy as an example） in biodiversity characteristics by calculating the power law distribution and Lognormal distribution of the two systems to analyze their similarities and differences. Results show that the two systems are very similar in mathematical structure and diversity characteristics, and both are reasonable information systems, which fit well to the same distribution models, such as power law distribution and lognormal distribution. Minor differences also exist between the two. The classification system of nematodes of the Tylenchina suborder is a branching system more profuse than the Chinese Soil Taxonomy. The latter seems to be more reasonable in designing in terms of evenness values. The Willis curves show that Chinese Soil Taxonomy has a more regular structure, which is probably related to difference in classification ideology between the two scientific disciplines.

关 键 词：中国土壤系统分类 垫刃亚目 多样性特征 威利斯曲线 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学] S154[生物学—普通生物学]