准噶尔盆地西北缘新垦绿洲土地利用对土壤养分变化的影响  

Impact of Land-use on Soil Quality of New Reclamation Oasis in Northwestern Margin Area in Junggar Basin

作　　者：杨玉海[1] 陈亚宁[1] 李卫红[1] 杨贵泉[2] 段永照[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 [2]新疆农业职业技术学院,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2008年第1期94-100,共7页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新项目(KZCX2-XB2-03);国家自然科学基金(90502004);国家支撑项目(2006BAC01A03)

摘　　要：通过对准噶尔盆地西北缘新垦绿洲克拉玛依农业综合开发区0—30cm土层土壤理化性状的统计分析,可知该区土壤主要化学特性指标不仅变异明显,而且变异程度也有很大差异。该区土壤总体有机质含量低,养分不高,缺磷少氮,含盐量较高。从实地监测资料可知,土地利用对该区新垦荒地土壤化学特性有影响,其中土地利用年限对土壤化学特性产生明显的影响,除全磷外,新垦荒地土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮、速效钾的含量均随土地利用年限的增加而增加;同时灌溉量和灌溉方式均能对表层土壤中水溶性盐含量、pH值产生影响;种植苏丹草可以明显降低土壤盐分含量,其中SO42-下降幅度最大,其次是K+和Na+含量,HCO3-、CO32-和Cl-量也略有下降,但降幅不大;根据研究结果,针对研究区土地的基本肥力状况,提出了克拉玛依农业研究区土地可持续利用中应注意的几个问题。The paper statistically analyzed the soil properties of soil samples from 244 soil sections at 0-30 cm soil layer in the agricultural exploitation area of Kelamayi in Junggar Basin. It was discovered that not only the main soil chemical properties varied spatially, but their changing degrees were significantly different. In general, the soil organic matter content was low, nutrient like nitrogen（N） and phosphorus（P） were scarce, but salt content was high. Monitoring data showed that land-use had changed the soil chemical properties of newly cultivated lands. The longer utilization duration was the obvious change of soil properties ap： peared. Except for total phosphorus（P）, the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen（N）, available nitrogen（N） and available potassium（K） were all enhanced with the increase of land use duration. Besides, the irrigation quota and irrigation approach can influence the soil total salt and pH value at soil surface layer; Planting S. sudanense can also obviously decrease the content of soil salts, among which the content of SO^2-4 decreased severely, secondly the content of K^＋ and Na^＋, slightly the content of HCO^-3, CO^2-3 and Cl^-. Accordingly, several problems need to be taken into attention in land sustainable utilization of Kelamayi agricultural exploitation area were put forward based on the soil fertility conditions.

关 键 词：土地开发 土壤特性 统计学特征 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]