星突江鲽的形态特征及内部结构研究  

Morphological characteristics and internal structure of Platichthys stellatus Pallas

作　　者：齐国山[1] 李迪[1] 陈四清[2] 庄志猛[2] 刘长琳[2] 宋宗诚 邓永生[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学生命科学与技术学部,山东青岛266003 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [3]山东威海市环翠区水产研究所,山东威海264200

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2008年第1期1-11,共11页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD03B08-07);青岛市科技发展计划(06-2-3-18-hy).

摘　　要：通过观察、测量、解剖、数据的整理和分析，对120尾全长11-43cm，体质量0．02～2．49kg的养殖星突江鲽（Platichthys stellatus Pallas）外部形态、可量可比性状、可数性状和内部结构进行了研究。外部形态包括口、鼻、眼、鳍条、侧线和鳞片的特征；可量可比性状包括全长／体长（T1/S1）、体长／体高（S1/Bd）、体长／头长（S1/M1）、头长／吻长（H1/P1）、尾柄长／尾柄高（C1/Cd）、体长／尾柄长（S1/C1）、头长／眼间距（H1/Ei）、头长／眼径（H1/Ed）比值及其相关方程；可数性状包括背鳍鳍条、尾鳍鳍条、臀鳍鳍条、腹鳍鳍条、胸鳍鳍条、侧线鳞、侧线上鳞、侧线下鳞、牙齿、幽门盲囊、上鳃耙、脊椎骨；内部结构主要包括消化系统的组成和解剖位置。结果表明：（1）外部形态的明显特征在于：背鳍、臀鳍、尾鳍有黑色和黄色相间的条纹；多角星状鳞片，有刺状突起。（2）全长／体长变动范围最小，雌雄差异最小，其线性相关性最好，全长与体长相关方程为S1=0．8771 T1-0．1589（R^2=0．9822）；头长／吻长、头长／眼径不仅变动最大，而且其线性相关性最差，雌雄的差异也最大；星突江鲽体长与体质量关系为：W=0．0168S1^3.199，R^2=0．9797：雄性：W=0．0274S1^2.9721，R^2=0．993；雌性：W=0．0134S1^4.3008，R^2=0．9822（W代表体质量，kg：S1代表体长，cm）。（3）星突江鲽腹鳍鳍条与幽门盲囊最稳定；侧线鳞和牙齿变动最大。（4）牙尖锐，圆锥形；胃大，呈“I”型，肠粗短；1-2枚幽门盲囊。通过比较发现：星突江鲽的外部形态、可量可比性状和内部结构特征均与石鲽相近：星突江鲽与6种比目鱼相比，可数性状指标的数目多较少。By observing, measuring and anatomizing 120 individuals of the raised Platichthys stellatus Pallas （total length ranged from 11 to 43 cm, body weight ranged from 0.02 to 2.49 kg）, the fish external shape, morphometic characters, meistic characters and internal structure were observed and described. The external shape includes the description for mouth, noses, eyes, pterygiophores, lateral lines and scales; the morphometic characters include total length/standard length （T1/S1）, standard length/body depth （S1/Bd）, standard length/head length （S1/H1）, head length/proboscis length （H1/P1）, caudal length/caudal depth （C1/Cd）, standard length / caudal length （S1/ Ci）, head length/eye interal （H1/Ei）, head length/eye diameter （H1/Ed） and their correlation equations; the meistic characters includes dorsal fin rays, caudal fin rays, anal fin rays, ventral fin rays pectoral fin rays, lateral line scales, the upper scales of lateral line, the lower scales of lateral line, teeth, pyloric caeca, the upper gill rakers, vertebrae; the internal structure mainly includes the constitution and anatomic position of digestive system. The results indicate that the visible characteristic of external shape lies in the black-yellow stripes on dorsal fin, anal fin and caudal fin as well as the multiangular stellate scales with spinulose gibbosity. Besides, the variation magnitude of total length/standard length is small with little difference between female and male. The correlation equation of total length and standard length [S1 = 0.8771 T1 -0.1589 （R^2=0.982 2） ] presents the best in linear correlation. The values of both head length/proboscis length and head length/eye diameter not only vary largely but present the worst in linear correlation with great difference between female and male. The general correlation equations of standard length （S1） and body weight （W） is W=0.016 8S1^3.199 （R^2= 0.979 7）, for male, W=0.027 4S1^2.9721 （R^2=0.993 ） ; for female, W=0.013 4S1^3.3008, R^

关 键 词：星突江鲽 外部形态 可量可比性状 可数性状 内部结构 

分 类 号：Q959.486[生物学—动物学]