孕期被动吸烟对新生儿脐血铅及听力的影响  

Effect of Passive Smoking in Pregnancy on Blood Lead Level and Auditory Development of Newborn

作　　者：余丹[1] 周昌菊[2] 徐宣枝 

机构地区：[1]深圳市宝安区松岗人民医院,广东深圳518105 [2]中南大学湘雅三医院,湖南长沙410013 [3]湖南省老年医院,湖南长沙410016

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2007年第6期421-423,共3页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：湖南省卫生厅科研基金资助课题(B2003-131)

摘　　要：目的探讨孕期被动吸烟与宫内铅暴露水平及新生儿听神经发育的关系。方法经过问卷调查,选择符合条件的孕妇及其新生儿105例,分为对照组(36例)、暴露组[包括高暴露组(36例)和低暴露组(33例)],以新生儿脐血铅含量作为胎儿宫内铅暴露的指标,新生儿耳声发射听力筛查(OAE)3日初检阳性率作为听神经发育受损概率的指标,比较组间差异。结果对照组、暴露组的脐血铅水平的几何均值分别为:21.38、33.88μg/L(高暴露组和低暴露组分别为39.81μg/L和30.20μg/L),各组比较,差异均有统计学意义。对照组、暴露组的新生儿OAE3日初检阳性率分别为11.11/,31.88/(高暴露组和低暴露组分别为38.89/和15.15/),各组比较,对照组与暴露组及对照组与高暴露组的差异有统计学意义,对照组与低暴露组的差异无统计学意义。将母血铅与脐血铅进行总的及各组内的相关性分析,均呈正相关。结论孕期被动吸烟可以明显提高脐血铅水平并可能至少在短期内进一步影响新生儿的听神经发育;母血铅水平可作为胎儿宫内铅暴露的指标,用于评价铅暴露对新生儿神经行为发育的影响。Objective To understand whether passive-smoking during pregnancy is related to the level of intrauterine lead exposure and the development of auditory. Methods 105 pregnant women and their newborn who met the requirement of the investigation through questionnaire were divided into the control group and the exposure group （including heavy group and slight group）.The umbilical cord blood lead level was used to assess the intrauterine exposure of fetus, the 3rd-day positive rate of otoacoustic emission （OAE） was used as the indicator of the damage rate of auditory. Results The geometrics mean of the umbilical cord blood lead level and the positive rate of OAE were significantly higher in the research groups （33.88 μg/L and 31.88%） compared with the control group （21.38 μg/L and 11.11%）. A positive correlation existed between the blood lead level of the mother and that of the newborn. Conclusion Passive smoking in pregnancy can increase the umbilical cord blood lead level and have an adverse effect on the auditory development of newborn.The blood lead level of pregnant women can be used as an indicator of intrauterine lead exposure of fetus.

关 键 词：被动吸烟 血铅 耳声发射 听神经发育 脐带血 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]