游说、权力分配与制度变迁——以1978年中国农村土地产权制度变迁为例  

The Institutional Change under Lobbying and the Distribution of Power The Case Analysis of the Land Ownership System Change in Chinese Mainland in 1978

作　　者：孙圣民[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济研究院

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2007年第6期17-32,共16页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：2007年度山东省社科规划研究项目"新中国农村土地产权制度与经济绩效研究";教育部重大攻关项目(编号04JZD007)

摘　　要：本文尝试将游说和权力分配引入到中国农村1978年前后土地产权制度变迁的模型化分析中,利用新旧制度下生产收益差额的函数表达式,刻画制度变迁成败及地区差异性的临界条件,揭示制度变迁中游说、权力分配的作用。研究表明,在存在游说和制度转换成本时,制度创新发生和持续下去的条件受农村干部的合法收益、制度转换成本和农民的收益折现率等变量的影响。在既定权力分配格局下,贫困农民和农村干部组成的制度创新团体,可以通过赎买实现其地方性政策在全国层面的制度化认可,此制度变迁路径是农民、农村干部和中央政府的最优选择,从而说明由不同内容的地方性政策合并形成的中央制度是有效率的。游说、权力分配可以影响制度变迁的方向和进程,并使其表现出不同的变迁结果和地区间的差异性。We develop a model including lobbying and the distribution of the political power to analyze the change of the land ownership system in Chinese mainland in 1978. The paper gets the critical conditions of the extra gain under different institutions and uses the result to depict the critical conditions of occurrence and diversity of the institutional change.We reveal the effect of the lobbying and the distribution of the political power on the institutional change in 1978.These conditions under which the reform happen or discontinue are the function of the legal income of elite, the cost of institutional transfer and the discount rate of the peasant＇s future profits.The center government is forced to agree these reformers to carry out the household responsibility system, but these farmer and elite must pay for the loss of the center government. The new land ownership system, which has already existed in some areas, becomes legal in the countrywide range.Different local policies transfer gradually to the economic institution allowed by the center government. Because the strategy can maximize everyone＇s benefits, so the institutional change is efficient.The paper shows how the lobbying and the distribution of the political power influence the institutional change and lead different results and attitudes to the same institution in different area.

关 键 词：土地产权 制度变迁 游说 权力分配 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]