大庆油田水平井分流压裂技术  

Distributory Multiple Hydrofracturing of Horizontal Wells in Daqing Oil Field

作　　者：谢朝阳[1] 冯程滨[2] 谢建华[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大庆油田公司呼伦贝尔分公司 [2]中国石油大庆油田公司采油工程研究院,黑龙江大庆163453

出　　处：《油田化学》2007年第4期310-315,共6页Oilfield Chemistry

摘　　要：水平井分流压裂的技术原理是将水平井的水平段分成若干个单元，在每个单元的最佳部位进行射孔，每段的射孔数由孔径、单元数、设计施工排量等参数决定，射孔方案为压裂方案的有机组成部分。大庆油田已有5口水平井实施分流压裂，根据油层厚度分为两类：裂缝限制在油层内和裂缝穿透隔层贯穿多个薄油层。通过肇57-平35井和肇57-平33井进行的分流压裂贯穿多个油层现场试验，介绍了大庆油田水平井分流压裂的设计方法、压裂液体系、现场施工控制方法和效果分析方法。微地震裂缝监测结果表明，在最大施工排量7．5m^3／mim条件下，一次施工形成3～4条裂缝，加砂量最大达到75m^3（陶粒），平均砂比达到35％以上。水平井采用分流压裂技术施工后，初期产能可达到相邻直井压裂后产能的2．0倍以上。如何检测裂缝是否穿透了隔层并贯穿多个油层，是指导水平井分流压裂技术的选井选层，提高压裂效果的关键技术。图8表2参2。The technologic principles of distributory multiple hydrofracturing （DMHF） of horizontal wells are presented in following statements： to divide the aimed horizontal well section into several intervals andto perforate every interval at a proper location with the number of perforations depending upon their diameter, the number of intervals, the fluid pumping rate, and others; the perforation thus becomes a constituent part of a DMHF project. Totally 5 horizontal wells in Daqing oil field have been hydrofractured by using this technology, which may create multiple fractures within a thick pay layer or propagate through several thin pay layers. Taken field projects on translayer DMHF in horizontal wells Zh57H35 and Zh57H33 as examples, the design procedure, the hydrofracturing fluid system chosen, the control measures in field operations, and the effectiveness analysis in DMHF are discussed. The result of uphole servey shows that 3-4 fractures are produced in a hydrofracturing job at the highest fluid pumping rate 7.5 m^3/ min and the highest proppant （haydite） charge 75 m^3, or the highest proppant concentration 35% and more. For a horizontal well hydrofractured by using translayer DMHF, the initial productivity is of more than 2.0 times that for a hydrofractured vertical well. To ascertain whether the produced fractures transmit the isolated thin layers or not is a key factor in well and layer selection for a translayer DMHF job to be effective.

关 键 词：分流压裂 水平井段 多裂缝 贯穿多油层 工艺技术 水平井 大庆油田 

分 类 号：TE357.13[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]