海南岛农用地土壤重金属元素的空间分布特征及其环境意义  

Characteristics of Heavy Metals Distribution in Agricultural Soils of Hainan Island and Its Environment Significances

作　　者：赵志忠[1,2] A W Rate 唐少霞[1] 毕华[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南师范大学资源环境与旅游系,海南海口571158 [2]School of Earth and Geographical Sciences of the University of Western Australia, WA,6009, Australia

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2008年第1期182-187,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：教育部科学技术研究重点项目(地方03148、地方02166);海南省教育厅科学技术项目(Hikj200311);国家自然基金项目(40061003);海南省自然科学基金项目(40304);中国科学院边缘海地质重点实验室项目(0218)

摘　　要：采用现场采样及室内分析测试方法,对海南岛26个农业土壤剖面淋溶层、淀积层、母质层中7种重金属元素的分布特征进行研究。结果发现,重金属元素在淋溶层和淀积层的含量变化幅度与母质层含量变化幅度具有一定的正相关关系,土壤重金属分布在总体上受成土母质层制约。除As、Pb外,大部分重金属元素在各层中的含量低于世界土壤平均值,但也有部分重金属元素通过淋溶使表层土壤中少量重金属元素迁移而至淀积层中积累。除Cd有机态含量最低外,各层中重金属元素在淋溶层、淀积层、母质层中均显示可交换态含量最低,而残渣态含量最高。区内土壤表层7种重金属分布总体上可归为3类:Cr、Ni、Cd3种重金属元素的土壤表层平均含量较低,变异系数小,表层元素主要继承于母质层;Cu、Zn组中的Zn可能存在一定的外源混入,但Cu、Zn在土壤表层未发生富集;而As、Pb等重金属元素不仅有外源混入,且发生了一定程度积累,为区内土壤主要的环境隐患。The distribution of the heavy mental elements （HMEs） in eluvial horizons, illuvial horizons and parent material horizons of 26 agricultural soil profiles in Hainan Island was studied. The results indicate that the content range of HMEs in both eluvial horizons and illuvial horizons has a positive correlation with the content range in parent material horizons, i.e., the HMEs in both eluvial horizons and illuvial horizons are associated with the HMEs in parent material horizons. For most of HMEs except As and Pb, the contents of HMEs in different horizons are lower than its average contents in the soils of the world. Both residual phase and exchangeable phase have the highest and lowest percentage in each horizon respectively for all the HMEs except Cd that has the lowest percentage in organic phase in each horizon. All HMEs can be divided into 3 groups according to the distribution of the HMEs in eluvial horizons： Cr, Cd, Ni have a low contents in each layer of the soil profiles, and the elements in both eluvial horizons and illuvial horizons are interpreted to be mainly inherited from parent materials; the group of Cu and Zn is also mainly inherited from parent materials but Zn has outside source. There is no surface enrichment for Cu and Zn. As and Pb are the third group, they have the same origins as the second group but have accumulated in both eluvial horizons and illuvial horizons and resulted in environmental problems to some degree.

关 键 词：重金属元素 农业土壤 环境 海南岛 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]