新型货车转向架螺旋弹簧三维有限元分析与疲劳寿命估算  

3D Finite Element Analysis and Fatigue Life Evaluation on the Coil Spring of New Type Freight Car Bogie

作　　者：商跃进[1] 王红[1] 孟广浦[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2008年第1期65-69,共5页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(10572055;50475109);甘肃省中青年科技基金资助项目(3ZS0412A252004)

摘　　要：基于三维有限元法建模,对转向架弹簧的刚度和支撑圈接触条件下的应力进行计算分析。结果表明:分析结果与静应力测试结果相近,转K2外簧静强度满足设计要求;支撑圈与相邻工作圈接触不仅使弹簧的最大应力有所增大,而且在加载过程中接触应力和最大应力随着支撑圈接触面积的变化而变化,因此在制造过程中应控制支撑圈的间隙。采用有限元法可快速获得弹簧的刚度和弹性特性曲线,克服了以往通过试验测试弹簧刚度所带来的周期长、费用高等缺点。弹簧疲劳寿命初步估算表明:不考虑弹簧强化处理的影响,弹簧的疲劳寿命约为2.55×106次;采用喷丸等强化处理工艺并在提高弹簧20%的疲劳强度情况下,弹簧的疲劳寿命为8.9×106次。Based on 3D finite element modeling, the stiffness and the stress of the spring used for bogie under the contact condition of support coil are calculated and analyzed. The results show that the analysis results are almost the same with static stress test results. The static strength of loading external circular spring for bogie K2 meets the design requirement. The contact between support coil and load coil not only makes the maximum stress of spring become larger, but also makes the calculated stress and the contact stress change with the contact area of support coil during load process. Therefore, the gap between support coil and loading coil must be controlled in manufacture. Obtaining the stiffness and elastic property curve by using finite element method is quick and can overcome the disadvantages of original test method such as longer period and higher cost. The Evaluating results of the fatigue life of spring shows that the fatigue life of spring is 2.55×10^6 cycles without any strengthened treatment, and the fatigue life of spring is 8. 9×10^6 cycles under the strengthened treatment measure such as peening.

关 键 词：货车转向架 螺旋弹簧 接触应力 刚度 疲劳寿命 有限元法 

分 类 号：U272.331[机械工程—车辆工程]