福建烟区土壤主要养分特征及施肥对策  

Main Nutrients in and Fertilization Solutions to Soil of Fujian Tobacco-growing Area

作　　者：唐莉娜 陈顺辉 林祖斌[2] 曾文龙 刘雪刚[4] 江忠明 

机构地区：[1]福建省烟草农业科学研究所,福州市350003 [2]福建省烟草公司烟叶处,福州市350003 [3]龙岩市烟草公司,福建省353000 [4]南平市烟草公司,福建省南平市364000 [5]三明市烟草公司,福建省365000

出　　处：《烟草科技》2008年第1期56-60,共5页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局科技项目“福建省烤烟种植区划研究”(110200401022)的一部分

摘　　要：2005年采集了福建省三明、龙岩、南平3个主产烟区有代表性的植烟土壤样品557个,并进行了土壤的理化性状分析。结果表明:福建主产烟区土壤质地以粘壤土、壤土和砂壤土为主,土壤阳离子交换量平均为11.55±3.05 cmol/kg;土壤pH值平均5.59±0.44,仅有43.45%的植烟土壤偏酸性;土壤有机质和速效氮含量仍较丰富,有机质平均34.00±9.24 g/kg,全氮平均1.75±0.54 g/kg,碱解氮平均173.6±42.3 mg/kg,43.09%的植烟土壤有机质含量>35 g/kg;土壤速效磷含量有所增加,平均46.3±32.6 mg/kg,但分布的均匀性较差,变异系数较大(70.3%),有51.7%的植烟土壤速效磷>40 mg/kg,仅7.18%的植烟土壤速效磷<10 mg/kg;植烟土壤的钾素供给仍严重不足,缓效钾310.2±208.7 mg/kg,速效钾62.3±31.9 mg/kg,速效钾含量>150 mg/kg的植烟土壤仅占2.15%。为此,在烟叶生产上要因地制宜,对偏酸性土壤,要注意施用白云石粉,但应隔1～2年;严格控制氮肥施用量,适当降低磷肥的施用量,并注意增施钾肥。The nutrients in 557 soil samples collected from 3 regions of Fujian tobacco-growing areas （San-ming, Longyan and Nanping） in 2005 were analyzed. The results showed that the soil types of most samples were clay loam, loam and sandy loam with average cation exchange capacity of 11.55±3.05 cmol/kg, their average pH value was 5.59±0.44, only 43.45% of the samples were acidic. The organic matters and available nitrogen in soil were rich, the average contents of organic matters, total N and alkali-hydrolyzable N were 34.00±9.24 g/kg, 1.75±0.54 g/kg and 173.6±42.3 mg/kg, respectively. The organic matter contents in 43.09% of the samples were over 35 g/kg; the average content of available P was 46.3±32.6 mg/ kg, however, it was not uniformly distributed with a coefficient of variation of 70.3% , the available P contents in 51.7% of the samples were over 40 mg/kg while those in 7.18% of the samples lower than 10 mg/kg. The supply K was still seriously insufficient, the average contents of slow-release K and available K were 310.2±208.7 mg/kg and 62.3±31.9 mg/kg, respectively; only 2.15% of the samples in which available K content was over 150 mg/kg. The suggestions for fertilization were： applying N restrictedly, applying more K and less P; as for acidic soil, dolomite lime applying every other 1 or 2 years was recommended.

关 键 词：福建 植烟土壤 养分 施肥 

分 类 号：S572.06[农业科学—烟草工业]