山西省高砷水源筛查和砷中毒病情调查报告  

Report of screening of water arsenic and investigation of endemic arsenism in Shanxi

作　　者：王三祥[1] 李军[1] 王正辉[1] 贾清珍[1] 程晓天[1] 温新平[1] 张向东[1] 韩凌凌[1] 乔小艳[1] 吴赵明[1] 荆玉兰[1] 张峰峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省地方病防治研究所,临汾041000

出　　处：《中国地方病学杂志》2008年第1期61-64,共4页Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology

基　　金：中央财政补助公共卫生地方病防治项目山西省分项目（2004）

摘　　要：目的掌握山西省高砷区和地方性砷中毒（简称地砷病）病区的流行范围和危害程度，为今后的防治工作提供科学依据。方法根据《全国地方病防治项目方案》，在山西省选择了200个村作为调查村；水砷筛查采用半定量试剂盒法，水砷定量测定采用氢化物发生一原子荧光法（HG—AFS）进行，地砷病诊断按国家地方性砷中毒诊断标准进行，数据处理采用SPsS13．0forwindows软件进行。结果共筛查了234个村，其中有28个村（分布在4个县）水含砷量超过了国家标准（O．05mg／L），水样超标率3．98％，高砷暴露人口21197人。高砷水源普查发现，有19个村水含砷量超过了0．15mg／L。病情普查显示，19个村中除1个村为重病区外，其余18个村均为轻病区。患者病情以中度以下为主，患病人群主要集中于中老年，不同性别患病率比较差异无统计学意义（x^2=3．14，P〉0．05），病情程度与饮用水含砷量高低有关（H=40．31，P〈0．01）。结论山西省发现了新的高砷区和地砷病病区，大部分为轻病区。今后仍应继续进行高砷水源筛查。Objective To investigate the epidemical scope of the endemic arsenism and provide a scientific evidence for control and prevention. Methods Accroding to the demand of ＂the national implementation scheme of prevention and treatment of endemic diseases＂, 200 villages were investigated. The arsenic content of drinking water screened was determined by half-quantitative fast reagent-box mathod. The arsenic content of drinking water in census was determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry（HG-AFS）. Patients of endemic arsenism were diagnosed by the standard of diagnosis for endemic arsenism. The data were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. Results Water arsenic of 28 villages among 234 villages were above the national drinking water quality level （0.05 mg/L）. 21 197 people exposed to high arsenic. The arsenic content of water in 19 villages was above 0.15 mg/L in the census of high arsenic water. The disease census indicated that there were 18 mild arsenism districts and 1 severe arsenism district. The disease was mostly mild and occurred in those aged over 40 years. There was no difference of gender（x^2 = 3.14, P〉 0.05）. The severity of endemic arsenism was related with the arsenic content of water（H = 40.31, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions High arsenic areas and endemic arsenism areas are newly identified in Shanxi Province, mostly being mild arsenism districts. For the future it is necessary to screen high arsenic water.

关 键 词：饮水 砷中毒 筛查 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]