远志根的形态发生及组织化学研究  

Morphogenesis and Histochemistry of Root in Polygala tenuifolia

作　　者：高玲玲[1] 刘文哲[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学生命科学学院,西安710069

出　　处：《热带亚热带植物学报》2008年第1期1-9,共9页Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany

基　　金：陕西省教育厅产业化培育项目(07JC17)资助

摘　　要：应用植物解剖学方法对远志(Polygala tenuifolia Willd.)根的发生和发育过程,以及1a生与2a生根的结构进行了比较观察,还应用组织化学方法对远志根储藏物质及主要药用成分积累部位进行了研究。结果表明:远志的药用部位为其主根,发育过程包括原分生组织、初生分生组织、初生结构和次生结构4个发育阶段。原分生组织来源于胚根,由3群原始细胞组成,具有典型分生组织的细胞学特征;初生分生组织包括根冠原、表皮原、皮层原和中柱原;初生结构由表皮、皮层和维管柱组成,初生木质部为二原型;次生生长主要是依靠维管形成层和木栓形成层的活动来完成。木栓形成层由中柱鞘细胞恢复分裂能力而形成,并且产生多层栓内层薄壁细胞。2a生远志根的基本结构与1a生的基本相同,只是栓内层增加至10层以上。远志根的储藏物质主要是脂类物质及少量的多糖。远志皂苷积累在远志根的薄壁细胞中,而山酮类化合物主要分布在根的木栓形成层、栓内层薄壁细胞和次生韧皮部中。The developmental process of root in Polygala tenuifolia Willd. was studied by anatomical methods, and the structures of the one-year-old and two-year-old main roots were compared. Meanwhile, the main medical composition and storage nutrition of the root was localizated by histochemistry. Polygala tenuifolia is taproot system, which is medicinal portion. The development of the root underwent four stages ： promeristem, primary meristem, primary structure and secondary growth. The apical promeristem was originated from radicle and consisted of three initial groups, and they prossessed the typical cytological characteristics of meristem. The primary meristem consisted of calyptrogen, primordial epidermis, periblem and plerome, while the primary structure consisted of epidermid, cortex and central cylinder. Primary xylem is diarch. The secondary growth mainly depended the activity of the vascular cambium and cork cambium. Secondary xylem composed of large vessels, wood fibres and little xylem rays. A lot of phloem parenchyma cells, a small amount of sieve tubes and companion cells built up secondary phloem. The vascular has one or three flats cells. The cork cambium originated from the pericyclic cells and created multi layer of phelloderm parenchyma cells. The infrastructures were identical between one-year-old main root and two-year-old main root, but phelloderm cells are more than ten layers in two-year-old main root. The reserve substance was mainly oils and little polysaccharides in Polygala tenuifolia root. The tenuifolic saponins existed in all parenchyma cells. Xanthones accumulated in the cork cambium, phelloderm parenchyma cells and secondary phloem.

关 键 词：远志 根 形态发生 组织化学 远志皂苷 山酮 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]