青藏高原唐古拉山冬克玛底河流域水文过程特征分析  

The Features of Hydrological Processes in the Dongkemadi River Basin, Tanggula Pass, Tibetan Plateau

作　　者：张寅生[1,2,3] 姚檀栋[1,2,3] 蒲健辰 效存德[1,2,3] 康世昌 侯书贵[1,2,3] 太田岳史 矢吹裕伯[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所 [2]日本岩手大学农学部 [3]日本名古屋大学大气-水圈科学研究所

出　　处：《冰川冻土》1997年第3期214-222,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：冰冻圈课题资助

摘　　要：利用１９９３年５～９月连续时间序列的资料，对青藏高原唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川区及其流域的水文过程特征进行初步分析。由于青藏高原季风环流的影响，在性质不同气团控制所产生的降水天气过程的降水量差别极大，该区域主要降水集中在６～８月，Ｔｒｅｔｙａｋｏｖ雨量器对标准雨量器捕捉率的修正量小于天山地区的研究结果。该流域地面蒸发过程较为强盛，各种下垫面的蒸发量占流域水量平衡收入的３７％，土壤蒸发量与水面蒸发和土壤含水量之间关系密切。流域平均径流系数为０６３，径流模数为２６Ｌ／（ｓ·ｋｍ２），冰川融水径流对整个流域径流影响很大，冰川融水对流域径流的补给率为４９％。冰川融水径流主要产生于７～９月初，时间短，但强度大，其冰川融水径流量除与气温变化有关外，还与能量过程重要因子———冰川表面反射率呈幂函数关系。Based on the measeurement from May to September 1993 in the Dongkemadi River Basin, Tanggula Pass, Tibeten Plateau, the hydological features are analysed in this paper The amount of precipitation is quite different under different types of weather processes which controlled by plateau monsoon circulation of the atmophere; precipitation in the study region mainly occurs in the period from June to August; the catch ratio of stantard raingauge, comparing to Tretyakov raingauge, is low, and the precipitation correction is lower than that in the Tianshan Mts The evaporation is high and takes 37% for outgoing of water balance; the soil evaporation relates well with water evaporation and soil water content The mean runoff coefficient is 0 63; the mean runoff modulus is 26 L/(s·km 2) The water of glacier ablation takes an important role in the discharge of the whole basin, accounting for 49% The ablation runoff mainly occurs from the beginning of July to the beginning of September, that not only relates with air temperature and aslo with the albedo on the glacier

关 键 词：河流 水文 冰川融水 径流 青藏高原 

分 类 号：P343.1[天文地球—水文科学]