中国特有植物猪血木的濒危原因及保护对策  

The endangered causes and preserving strategies for Euryodendron excelsum, a plant endemic to china

作　　者：申仕康[1] 马海英[1] 刘湘永[1] 王跃华[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学生命科学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《生态环境》2007年第6期1819-1823,共5页Ecology and Environmnet

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30560017)

摘　　要：猪血木(Euryodendron excelsum H.T.Chang)为中国特有的山茶科单型属猪血木属的珍稀濒危植物,现仅分布于广东省阳春县八甲镇地区,且仅残存一个居群,居群内个体数量仅100余株,该物种已被列为国家二级保护植物。物种濒危原因分析是生物多样性保护的关键环节,文章从猪血木的地理分布、生活史特性、种群分布现状及生态环境因素影响等方面分析了该物种的濒危现状,猪血木种群地理分布的局限性限制了其空间拓展;种子萌发和幼苗生长对生境要求特殊和种群现状不利于其更新和发展,人为干扰对猪血木影响严重。其濒危的主要原因是人为因素引起的生境破碎化和过度砍伐所导致的个体数量下降,文章认为现存种群和生境的保护是濒危物种保护的最有效手段,针对猪血木的濒危现状和原因,提出了就地保护,促进自然种群的繁衍更新,建立猪血木繁育基地进行迁地保护和回归引种的保护策略,以期为猪血木的保护和种群恢复提供科学的理论指导,也为中国珍稀濒危物种和生物多样性的保护提供基础资料。Euryodendron excelsum H.T.Chang is an endangered species from the family Theaceae endemic to china. The species is a state protected two-grade rare and endangered plant. In the wild, there are only more than 100 individuals were found in one remnant scattered population in Bajia region of Yangchun Country, Guangdong Province. This paper analyzed the reasons causing the endangered status of E. excelsum from the aspects of the geographical distribution, the population status, the life history characteristics and the effect of the environmental factors. The geographical distribution of E. excelsum limited its spatial expansion; Seeds germination and seedling survival of the species need a moisture and shady habitat, while the present population habitat is not beneficial to its regeneration and development. Anthropogenic disturbance including land clearance, individuals cutting and the destroying of habitat of E. excelsum affect its living seriously. Above all, the habitat fragmentation and the sharply declining number of individuals caused by human activities are the main reasons for the endangered status of E, excelsum. Based on the status of E. excelsum, the effective strategies for its protection should include both in situ conservation and ex situ conservation. In situ conservation should be stressed to protect the current living individuals from human damage thus to promote the population＇s natural regeneration. Ex situ conservation, establishing a propagation center at a beneficial place is also imperative for restoration and reconstruction of E. excelsum. This paper will not only offer the theoretical references for the conservation and restoration of E. excelsum, but also offer the scientific data for other endangered species and biodiversity conservation.

关 键 词：猪血木 生态环境 濒危 保护 

分 类 号：Q16[生物学—普通生物学]