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机构地区:[1]卫生部北京医院呼吸科,100730 [2]北京大学第三医院呼吸科 [3]卫生部北京医院老年医学研究所流行病室
出 处:《中华老年医学杂志》2007年第12期918-921,共4页Chinese Journal of Geriatrics
基 金:国家十五科技攻关课题(2001BA702B05)
摘 要:目的探讨住院老年人社区获得性肺炎(CAP)的危险因素,为预防老年人CAP提供临床参考。方法采用配对病例对照研究,将患者分为CAP组和对照组,进行问卷调查基础疾病和生活质量,检查和评价营养状态。采用条件Logistic回归进行住院老年人CAP的危险因素分析。结果入选病例138例,男性90例(65%),女性48例(35%)。CAP组69例,年龄61~94岁,平均(74.5±6.9)岁;对照组69例,年龄60~89岁,平均(73.6±6.9)岁。单因素分析结果提示,曾经吸烟(OR=5.71)、目前正在吸烟(OR=18.26)、慢性支气管炎(OR=3.75)、既往肺结核病史(OR=2.67)、入选前1年内因肺炎住院史(OR=14.93)、入选前1~2年因肺炎住院史(OR=5.99)、营养状况中等(OR=5.11)、营养状况较差(OR=11.55)、体质指数(OR=0.81)、血清白蛋白水平(OR=0.14)、外周血淋巴细胞计数(OR=0.50)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)评分(OR=0.46)、轻度体育活动(OR= 0.24)、中度体育活动(OR=0.04)、进餐时间长短(OR=1.11)为老年人CAP的危险因素(均为P〈0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,ADL评分(OR=0.34)、曾经吸烟(OR=15.98)、目前正在吸烟(OR= 73.85)、慢性支气管炎病史(OR=22.88)、体质指数(OR=0.76)、入选前1年内因肺炎住院史(OR= 55.56)、入选前1~2年因肺炎住院史(OR=30.30)是老年人CAP的独立危险因素,差异均有统计学意义(均为P〈0.05)。结论吸烟、慢性支气管炎、肺炎住院史、营养不良是老年人易患肺炎的危险因素。Objective To identify the risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in the elderly. Methods A case-control study of risk factors for CAP in elderly was performed. Sixtynine patients with community-acquired pneumonia (case group) admitted to hospital were studied with control group(n=69) matched for sex, age and duration of admission. The two groups were compared with regard to risk factors for CAP using a questionnaire. Results Male was 90(650%), female was 48(350%). Mean age was (74.5±6.9)years (ranged from 61 to 94 years) in patients with CAP, and (73.6±6.9) years (ranged from 60 to 89 years) in control subjects. In univariate analysis, ex-smoker (OR=5.71), current-smoker(OR= 18.26), chronic bronchitis(OR = 3. 75), history of tuberculosis (OR=2.67), history of pneumonia 〈1 year prior to enrollment (OR=14.93), history of pneumonia within 2 years and till 1 year of enrollment(OR = 5.99), moderate nutrition status (OR = 5.11), malnutrition(OR= 11.55 ), BMI (OR = 0.81 ), serum Alb (OR = 0.14 ), lymphocyte account (OR = 0.50), activities of daily living scale (ADL) (OR = 0.46), light physical exercise (OR = 0.24), moderate physical exercise(OR = 0.04) and swallowing difficult(OR= 1.11) were risk factors for CAP in elderly (P 〈 0.05) . Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that ADL (OR = 0.34), ex-smoker(OR = 15.98), current-smoker (OR = 73.85), chronic bronchitis (OR = 22.88), BMI (OR=0.76), history of pneumonia 〈1 year prior to enrollment(OR= 55.56) ,history of pneumonia within 2 years and till 1 year of enrollment (OR=30.30) were independent risk factors for CAP in the elderly(all P〈0. 05). Conclusions Cigarette smoking, chronic lung diseases, malnutrition are risk factors for community-acquired pneumonia. Cigarette smoking is the most adaptable factor.
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