长期有机无机肥料配施对土壤微生物学特性及土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Long-term Combined Application of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Soil Microbiological Properties and Soil Fertility

作　　者：李娟[1] 赵秉强[1] 李秀英[1] Hwat Bing So 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,中国北京100081 [2]School of Land and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld 4072, Australia

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2008年第1期144-152,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2007-37);国家自然科学基金(30471012);国家基础研究重大项目(973)前期研究专项(2001CCB00800)和(2003CCB00300);中国农业科学院杰出人才基金项目

摘　　要：【目的】研究长期有机无机肥料配施条件下土壤微生物学特性(土壤微生物量、土壤酶活性)与土壤质量的关系,阐明土壤微生物对土壤健康的生物指示功能。【方法】以国家褐潮土肥力与肥料效益监测基地的长期肥料试验为平台,应用氯仿熏蒸-K2SO4提取法和化学分析法分析了长达15年不同施肥处理的农田土壤微生物量碳、微生物量氮(SMBC、SMBN)和土壤酶活性之间的差异及其调控土壤肥力的作用。【结果】长期不同施肥处理土壤中SMBC变化介于96.49～500.12mg·kg-1之间,SMBN变化介于35.89～101.82mg·kg-1之间;单施化肥(NPK)与不施肥的CK相比,SMBC、SMBN、微生物商(qMB)、微生物量碳/氮比(SMBC/SMBN)、脲酶(Urease)活性以及土壤有机质(SOM)、全氮(STN)、全磷(STP)含量都有所提高;化肥与猪厩肥或秸秆还田配合施用,上述土壤微生物学特性以及土壤养分状况比单施NPK处理得到进一步改善,猪厩肥增量处理(NPKM+)效果最明显。同时,在北京褐潮土石灰性土壤上(pH8.0左右)长期施有机肥有一定降低土壤pH的效应。SMBC、SMBN、Urease活性与SOM、STN、STP含量呈极显著正相关关系;SMBC/SMBN与SOM、STN含量呈显著正相关关系;qMB、过氧化氢酶(Catalase)活性与SOM、STN、STP含量无显著相关关系;除过氧化氢酶外,土壤pH值与其它土壤微生物学特性指标呈极显著负相关关系。【结论】长期有机无机肥料配施可提高土壤微生物量碳氮、脲酶活性。化肥与增量猪厩肥配施对增强土壤肥力效果最好;土壤微生物学特性可以反映土壤质量的变化,并可用作评价土壤健康的生物指标。[Objective] Soil health is important for the sustainable development of terrestrial ecosystem. In this paper, the relationship between soil quality and soil microbial properties such as soil microbial biomass and soil enzymatic activity was tudied in order to illustrate the function of soil microbial properties as bio-indicators of soil health. [ Method ] Microbial biomass C and N contents, soil enzymatic activities and soil fertility with different inorganic-organic fertilization systems were analyzed based on a 15-year long-term fertilizer experiment in Fluvo-aquic soil in Changping County, Beijing, China. At this site, 7 different treatments were established in 1991. They were in a wheat-maize rotation receiving either no fertilizer （CK）, mineral fertilizers （NPK）, mineral fertilizers with wheat straw incorporated （NPKW）, mineral fertilizers with incremental wheat straw incorporated （NPKW＋）, mineral fertilizers plus farmyard manure （NPKM）, mineral fertilizers plus incremental farmyard manure （NPKM＋） or mineral fertilizers with maize straw incorporated （NPKS）. [Result] In different fertilization treatments, the contents of SMBC changed between 96.49 mg·kg^-1 and 500.12 mg·kg^-1, and the contents of SMBN changed from 35.89 mg·kg^-1 to 101.82 mg·kg^-1. Compared with CK, the other treatments increased soil microbial biomass C （SMBC） ＆ N （SMBN）, SMBC/SOC （soil organic C） ratios, SMBC/SMBN, urease activity, soil organic matter （SOM）, soil total nitrogen （STN） and soil total phosphorus （STP）. All these properties in treatment with fertilizers input NPKM＋ were the highest. In the meantime long-term combined application of mineral fertilizers with organic manure or crop straw could significantly decrease the soil pH in Fluvo-aquic soil （the pH around 8.0 in this experimental soil）. Some of soil microbial properties （SMBC＆SMBN, SMBC/SOC ratios, urease activity） were positively correlated with soil nutrients. SMBC/SMBN was significantly correlated

关 键 词：长期施肥 有机无机肥料配施 土壤微生物量 土壤酶 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]