中国C_4植物的地理分布与生态学研究 Ⅰ.中国C_4植物及其与气候环境的关系  

A STUDY ON THE GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGY OF C 4 PLANTS IN CHINA

作　　者：殷立娟[1,2] 李美荣[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学 [2]国家草地生态工程实验室

出　　处：《生态学报》1997年第4期350-363,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金

摘　　要：通过调查记录了中国５３３种４０变种和３亚种具有Ｃ４光合作用的植物和８种Ｃ３～Ｃ４中间植物。它们隶属于１６０属２４科，其中４６属９７种、８变种和１亚种隶属于双子叶植物，１１４属４３６种、３２变种和２亚种隶属于单子叶植物。Ｃ４植物主要属于禾本科（９６属３２４种、３２变种和２亚种），莎草科（１４属１０８种），藜科（１３属３７种、７变种和１亚种）和苋科（３属１６种１亚种）。根据中国的温度气候（寒温带，冷温带，中温带，暖温带，亚热带和边缘热带）和大气水分状况（极干旱，干旱，半干旱，半湿润，季节性干旱和湿润）将中国除了南海诸岛以外的地理区域划为７个区和１２个亚区，并总结出中国Ｃ４种的地理与气候分布区。Ｃ４植物种数（尤其是禾本科和莎草科）随着大气温度与水分增高而增加。然而，藜科的Ｃ４植物种数随着大气温度与水分增高而减少。调查结果表明中国Ｃ４植物具有广阔的地理分布特点，在寒温带也有一定数量的分布。In this report,a survey is presented of plants with C 4 photosyntnesis in China.We have recorded 533 C 4 species,40 varieties,3 subspecies and 8 C 3～C 4 intermediate species.These species belong to 160 genera and 24 families.Among them,97 species,8 varieties and 1 subspecies in 46 genera are from the Dicotyledoneae and 436 species,32 varieties and 2 subspecies in 114 genera from the Monocotyledoneae.Most of C 4 plants belong to Poaceae (96 genera,324 species,32 varieties and 2 subspecies),Cyperaceae (14 genera and 108 species),Chenopodiaceae (13 genera,37 species,7 varieties and 1 subspecies) and Amaranthaceae (3 genera,16 species and 1 subspecies).We divide the geographic regions of China,except small islands in the South China Sea,into seven regions and fourteen sub regions according to the temperature conditions (frigid temperate,cold temperate,cool temperate,warm temperate,subtropical and marginally tropical) and the atmospheric water (very arid,arid,semi arid,semi humid,seasonal arid and humid).The number of C 4 species increases with the increase of atmospheric temperature and humidity,especially in Poaceae and Cyperaceae.However,the number of C 4 species in Chenopodiaceae decreases with increase of atmospheric temperature and humidity.The results of the survey show a wide geographic distribution of C 4 plants and demonstrated the distribution of some C 4 species in arid and frigid temperate regions in China.

关 键 词：C4植物 地理分布 生态学 环境 气候 

分 类 号：Q949.408[生物学—植物学]