清代西北地区的沙尘天气  

The dust weather of Northwest China during the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王社教[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心

出　　处：《地理研究》2008年第1期155-161,共7页Geographical Research

基　　金：教育部"优秀青年教师资助计划"项目(教人司[2002]350号)

摘　　要：通过对《清史稿》、《清实录》、西北各地清和民国时期所修的地方志及其他史籍较为系统全面的查阅,经过整理和分析,最后确定从历史文献中可识别出清代西北地区共有62次沙尘天气事件。根据这62次沙尘天气事件的分析发现:清代西北地区沙尘天气的发生在时间上呈明显的波状起伏,1650至1710年代和1810至1910年代西北地区沙尘天气出现较频繁,1710至1810年代西北地区沙尘天气发生较少;就季节而言,春季是清代西北地区沙尘天气发生的最集中季节;就空间分布而言,清代西北地区的沙尘天气大致有4个多发地带:即以西安、渭南为中心的关中平原地区,以镇原、庆阳为中心的陇东黄土高原地区,以中卫、古浪、永登、山丹为中心的河西走廊地区,以米脂、子长为中心的陕北黄土高原地区;清代西北地区沙尘天气的发生与气温变化关系紧密,但与降水变化的关系不明显。Through overall reviewing and analyzing History Draft of Qing Dynasty, Actual Annals of Qing Dynasty, local chronicles and other historical books about Northwest China compiled in periods of the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, it is concluded that during the Qing Dynasty, there were 62 dust weather events confirmed from historical books about the study area. Through analyzing these 62 dust weather events, it is found that the occurrence of dust weather in Northwest China fluctuated obviously with time. From 1650 to 1710 and from 1810 to 1910, the dust weather occurred frequently but with less frequency from 1710 to 1810 in Northwest China. In terms of season, the dust weather mainly occurred in spring; and in terms of spatial distribution, there were four dust weather frequently occurred regions, including the Guanzhong Plain region, centered around Xi＇an and Weinan, the Loess Plateau region Zhenyuan and Qingyang in eastern Gansu , the Hexi Corridor region, Centered around Zhongwei, Gulang, Yongdeng and Shandan, and the Loess Plateau region, Mizhi and Zichang in northern Shaanxi. The occurrence of dust weather in Northwest China during the Qing Dynasty was connected closely with temperature change, but insignificant with precipitation change.

关 键 词：清代 西北地区 沙尘天气 气候变化 

分 类 号：P445.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] K062[历史地理—历史学]