新西兰国家公园绿色管理经验及对云南的启迪  

The Main Experience of Green Management in the National Parks of New Zealand and its Enlightenment for Yunnan Province

作　　者：杨桂华[1] 牛红卫[2] 蒙睿[3] 马建忠[2] 

机构地区：[1]云南大学工商管理与旅游管理学院,云南昆明650091 [2]大自然保护协会中国部,云南昆明650034 [3]西南林学院生态旅游学院,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《林业资源管理》2007年第6期96-104,共9页Forest Resources Management

摘　　要：位于南半球的新西兰国家公园建设经验的精髓是绿色管理,具体体现在3个方面:1)在国家宏观层面的保护管理,新西兰在法律上颁布《保护法》统管《野生动物法》、《野生动物控制法》、《自然保护区法》、《国家公园法》、《海洋保护区法》法规,形成较为完善的保护法律体系;在机构上成立统管土地、森林、野生动物、环境委员会的国家保护部门——保护部,专司保护的职能;在行动上,形成了政府和社区民众双向平行参与的"双列统一管理体系"的保护管理模式。2)在国家公园发展战略中观层面,将国家绿色理念全面融入国家公园,将国家公园作为国家的绿色旅游品牌,全面提升国家的绿色健康价值理念;3)在国家公园管理的微观层面,全面推行绿色规划和设计技术,实行强势保护下的特许经营以及社区公众全方位参与保护的机制。这些经验,对中国大陆首批国家公园——云南滇西北国家公园建设具有重要的借鉴意义。The main experience of national park construction in New Zealand, a beautiful country on the Southern Hemisphere, can be concluded as green management. The green management can be represented as three specific aspects： 1） In the macroscopic layer of environment protection management, the ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION LAW of New Zealand was issued as the supreme law, to rule and coordinate all the related laws, including the law of wildlife protection, the law of wildlife control, the law of natural reserve, the law of national parks, the law of marine reserve, forming a relatively perfect law system of environment protection. In the national administration system, the Ministry of Protection is a powerful and independent national ministry to over rule the management of land, forest and wildlife, and to direct the committee of environment, playing an important role in the nation＇s administration. In action, a management model of an integrated management system participated by community residents and government was formed and practiced well. 2） At the level of national park development strategy, the idea of green nation was emphasized. National parks were recognized as the green Brand of the nation and the value of green and healthy nation was advanced widely. 3） At the microscopic level of national park management, green planning and green technique design were promoted widely, and also the mechanism of franchise management regulations and the local resident participatory protection action were effectively enhanced. All these practices and experience are of important enlightening significance to the construction of the national park in northwestern Yunnan, one of the first several national parks in China.

关 键 词：新西兰 国家公园 绿色管理 云南省 滇西北 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]