汽车运材对人工林伐区林地土壤的影响  

Effect of wood transportation by truck on the road soil properties of artificial forest cutting area

作　　者：张正雄[1] 周新年[1] 陈玉凤[2] 陈珍华 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学交通学院,福建福州350002 [2]福建农林大学机电工程学院,福建福州350002 [3]永安市元沙林业采育场,福建永安366000

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第1期99-102,共4页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：福建省科技厅资助省属高校专项(2007F5010);福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2006J301);福建省教育厅项目(JA03057);科技部国际科技合作项目(2006DFA32840)

摘　　要：对杉阔混交人工林伐区汽车运材作业前后林地土壤理化性质变化进行了试验研究和定量分析。结果表明：运材后除土壤体积质量和结构体破坏率指标增大外，其余土壤理化性质指标均下降，而且表层土壤（0～20cm）所受影响较底层土壤（20～40cm）大；运材导致表层土壤体积质量增大0．50g／cm^3，土壤结构体破坏率提高18．82％，最大持水量下降15．78％，总孔隙度减小6．70％；同时表层土壤有机质、全N、水解性N、全P、速效P、全K、速效K等指标含量分别下降23．54g／kg、0．53g／kg、26．52mg／kg、0．50g／kg、11．76mg／kg、0．57g／kg和13．19mg／kg。此外，对运材作业造成土壤理化性质变化的原因进行了分析，并从森林生态采运角度出发，提出减少运材作业对林地土壤破坏的技术措施。The effects of wood transportation by truck on the physical and chemical properties of soil in artificial mixed forest of Cunninghamia lanceolata and broadleaf tree were investigated and analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that the other indices of physical and chemical properties of soil declined while the volume weight of soil and the damage rate of soil structure increased. The surface soil（0-20 cm） were impacted more seriously than the bottom soil（20- 40 cm）. The bulk density of top soil and the damage rate of top soil structure increased by 0.50 g/cm^3 and 18. 82% , respectively, the saturated water retention of top soil and the total porosity of top soil decreased by 15.78% and 6. 70% , respectively. The content of main nutrient of top soil, i.e. , organic matter, total N, hydrolytic N, total P, available P, total K and available K, reduced 23.54 g/kg,0.53 g/kg, 26. 52 mg/kg,0.50 g/kg, 11.76 mg/kg, 0. 57 g/kg and 13. 19 mg/kg, respectively. On the other hand, the reasons of change of many physical and chemical properties of soil caused by operation of wood transportation were analyzed. And some technological measures of reducing the damage of soil caused by wood transportation operation were put forward for the ecological harvesting operation. Basic data was supplied for setting up the theory of ecological harvesting.

关 键 词：土壤理化性质 汽车运材作业 人工林 

分 类 号：S782[农业科学—木材科学与技术] S752[农业科学—林学]