不同坐姿下腰部负荷及竖脊肌活动的生物力学研究  

The Biomechanical Study on the Waist Load and the Activities in Erector Spinae under Different Sitting Posture

作　　者：王琨[1] 白爱利[2] 李小生[1] 姜涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安体育学院运动人体科学系,西安710068 [2]西安体育学院研究生部,西安710068

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2008年第1期67-72,共6页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：陕西省体育局体育科研课题项目(0605)

摘　　要：运用生物力学实验法(包括影像学分析、三维侧力和sEMG肌电测量)、人体形态学测量法和统计学方法结合静态力学原理及郑秀媛人体基本参数,对10名男性(年龄21.4±0.69岁,身高172.9±2.72 cm,体重62.9±4.95 kg)进行研究,获得四种不同坐姿下各腰椎节段负荷(肌力矩)和10种坐姿下的腰部竖脊肌肌电图结果。研究表明:不同坐姿下,身体姿势的改变对腰部负荷影响较大,不同坐姿腰部负荷均大于站立位;同一腰椎节段肌力矩因坐姿的变化而存在较大差异,其中放松位大于挺直位,伏案支撑位大于无支撑位;不同的姿势,背部竖脊肌肌电图变化情况不尽相同,其活动强度的变化主要由脊柱前屈的程度决定。因此,建议坐时尽量使脊柱挺直。Ten male subjects （ages： 21.4±0.69y, heights： 172.9±2.72 cm, weights： 62.9±4.95 kg） are researched in the biomechanics experimentation （include image analysis and measure of force and sEMG） and anthropometry and statistics measurement to analyze and account the waist load （muscle moment）, and attain the load of the 4 sitting posture and the sEMG of the 10 sitting posture, linking to static dynamics theory and the body basic parameter of Zbeng Xiuyuan. The result shows： under the different sitting posture, the alteration of the body＇ posture has great infection, the waist load is bigger than staging; the identical lumbar section the muscle moment is a bigger difference because of the sitting posture change, in which relaxing posture be bigger than the stiff posture, posture on the desk is bigger than without the strut posture; the change of sEMG is different under different posture, its active intensity change mainly decided by the spinal column pitch degree. Therefore, if we want to reduce the load of the waist back muscle and prevent the muscle disease, the spinal column＇ pitch angle is reduced as far as possible.

关 键 词：坐姿 肌力矩 腰部负荷 肌电图 

分 类 号：G804.63[文化科学—运动人体科学]