小麦／玉米间作优势及地上部与地下部因素的相对贡献研究  

Intercropping advantage and contribution of above-ground and under-ground interactions in wheat-maize intercropping

作　　者：李来祥[1] 刘广才 李隆[3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省天水市农业技术推广站,甘肃天水741000 [2]甘肃省农业技术推广总站,甘肃兰州730020 [3]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100094

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2008年第1期74-80,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家重大基础研究发展项目(G1999011707);国家自然科学基金项目(30070450)

摘　　要：采用田间微区试验以及地下部种间根系分隔技术研究了玉米覆膜与不覆膜两种情况下小麦/玉米间作优势及地上部因素和地下部因素对间作优势的相对贡献。结果表明,玉米不覆膜时小麦/玉米间作籽粒产量和生物产量土地当量比分别为1.30、1.29,具有明显的产量间作优势,玉米覆膜时小麦/玉米间作籽粒产量和生物产量土地当量比分别为1.41、1.40,具有极显著的产量间作优势;玉米不覆膜时小麦/玉米间作氮、磷、钾养分吸收优势明显,玉米覆膜时小麦/玉米间作具有极显著的氮、磷、钾养分吸收优势。地上部因素和地下部因素对小麦/玉米间作中籽粒产量和生物产量间作优势的相对贡献,当玉米不覆膜时分别为75%、25%,当玉米覆膜时均为地上部占67%、地下部占33%。当玉米不覆膜时,地上部和地下部因素对小麦/玉米间作氮、磷养分吸收优势的相对贡献均分别为67%与33%,钾则地上部与地下部贡献相等(各占50%);当玉米覆膜时,地上部和地下部因素对小麦/玉米间作氮、钾养分吸收优势的相对贡献均具有同等重要性(各占50%),对磷吸收的贡献分别占55%与45%。A micro plot experiment and a root barrier technique were employed to investigate the intercropping advantage and the relative contribution of above-ground and under-ground interactions to the yield and nutrient uptaking in the wheat-maize intercropping system with or without plastic sheet mulching. The results showed that the land equivalent ratios （LER s） of both grain yield and biomass were 1.30 and 1.29 respectively for the intercropping of wheat and maize without plastic sheet mulching, showing a evident yield advantage of the intercropping. However, LERs with plastic sheet mulching were 1.41 for grain yield and 1.40 for biomass, indicating a significant yield advantage of the intercropping. There was evident advantage of nutrient uptaking in the intercropping of wheat and maize without plastic sheet mulching, whereas there was greatly significant advantage of nutrient uptaking in the intercropping with plastic sheet mulching. The contributions of above-ground and under-ground interactions to the intercropping advantage of both grain yield and biomass were 75 96 and 25 96 respectively for the intercropping without plastic sheet mulching. However, results of both grain yield and biomass were 67 96 and 33 96 respectively for the intercropping with plastic sheet mulching. The contribution of above-ground and below-ground interactions to the increase of nutrient uptaking were 67 96 and 33 96 for nitrogen, 67 96 and 33 96 for phosphorus, 50 96 and 50 96 for potassium respectively when intercropped maize was not mulched with plastic sheet. However, results of nutrient uptaking were 5096 and 5096 for nitrogen, 55 96 and 45 % for phosphorus, 50 % and 50 % for potassium respectively when intercropped maize was mulched with plastic sheet.

关 键 词：小麦/玉米间作 间作优势 地上部因素 地下部因素 相对贡献 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]